Faith Healing is a practice of prayer and gestures (such as the laying on of hands) that some believe to obtain divine intervention in spiritual and physical healing, especially Christian practice. Believers affirm that the healing of sickness and disability can be brought about by religious faith through prayer and/or other rituals which, according to its adherents, may stimulate divine presence and power. The belief in such divine intervention is based on religious beliefs rather than empirical evidence that the healing of faith achieves evidence-based results.
Claims "linked to a myriad of techniques" such as prayer, divine intervention, or the ministry of an individual healer can cure illnesses have been popular throughout history. There are claims that faith can cure blindness, deafness, cancer, AIDS, developmental disorders, anemia, arthritis, maize, flawed speech, multiple sclerosis, skin rashes, total body paralysis, and various injuries. Recovery has been linked to many techniques that are generally classified as faith healing. It could involve prayer, a visit to a religious temple, or just a strong belief in the highest creature.
Many people interpret the Bible, especially the New Testament, as teaching faith, and practice, healing the faith. According to a Newsweek poll, 72 percent of Americans say they believe that praying to God can heal someone, even if science says the person has an incurable disease. Unlike faith healing, spiritual healers do not seek to seek divine intervention, but believe in divine energy. The growing interest in alternative medicine by the end of the 20th century has given rise to parallel interest among sociologists in religious relations with health.
Almost all scientists and philosophers reject the healing of faith as pseudosain. Faith healing can be classified as a spiritual, supernatural or paranormal event, and, in some cases, faith in healing the faith can be classified as magical thinking. The American Cancer Society states "the available scientific evidence does not support the claim that faith healing can actually cure physical illness". "Death, disability, and other undesirable outcomes have occurred when confidence healing was chosen in lieu of medical treatment for serious injury or illness." When parents use faith healing in medical care, many children die who should live. Similar results are found in adults.
Video Faith healing
In various trust systems
Christianity
Overview
Considered as a Christian belief that God heals people through the power of the Holy Spirit, healing of faith often involves laying on of hands. It is also called supernatural healing, divine healing, and magical healing, among other things. Healing in the Bible is often associated with certain individual services including Elijah, Jesus and Paul.
Christian Doctor Reginald B. Cherry sees the healing of faith as a healing path where God uses both natural and supernatural to heal. Healed has been described as a privilege to receive Christ's atonement on the cross. Pentecostal writer, Wilfred Graves, Jr. views the healing of the body as a physical expression of salvation. Matthew 8:17 , after describing Jesus casting out at sundown and healing all the sick people brought to him, quoting this miracle as the fulfillment of prophecy in Isaiah 53: 5 : "He took our weakness and bring our sickness. "
Even Christian writers who believe in faith healing do not all believe that one's faith today brings the desired healing. "[Y] Our faith does not affect your healing right now.When you are healed fully rests on what the heirs sovereign purposes are." Larry Keefauver warned against allowing enthusiasm for faith healing to arouse false hopes. "Just believing hard enough, long enough or strong enough will not strengthen you or speed up your healing.Great mental gymnastics to 'hold on to your miracles' will not cause your healing to manifest now." Those who are actively holding hands to others and praying with them to be healed are usually aware that healing does not always follow immediately. Proponents of faith healing say it may come later, and it may not come in this life. "The truth is that your healing can manifest in eternity, not in time."
New Testament
Part of the four Gospels in the New Testament says that Jesus healed physical ailments beyond the ability of the first century treatment. One example is the case of "a woman who has been bleeding for twelve years, and who has suffered much under many doctors, and has spent all she has, and not better but worse." = "reference nourlexpansion"> [Mark 5: 26-27] After healing him, Jesus told him, "Daughter, your faith has made you healthy. = "reference nourlexpansion"> [Mark 5:34] At least two other times Jesus praises the sufferer's faith as a means to be healed: Mark 10:52 and Luke 19: 10 .
Jesus supported the use of medical aid at the time (drugs of oil and wine) when he told the parable of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10: 25-37), which "ties the wound [an injured man], pours oil and wine "(verse 34) as a doctor. Jesus then tells the dubious law teacher (who has raised this parable with self-justifying questions, "And who is my neighbor?" In verse 29) to "go and do the same" in loving others whom he will not never usually associate (verse 37).
Healing in the Gospels is referred to as the "sign" of the supernatural soil [John 6: 2] to prove the deity of Jesus and to cultivate belief in him as Christ. = "reference nourlexpansion"> [John 4:48] However, when asked for other types of miracles, Jesus rejects some [Matthew 12: 38-42] but gives another [Luke 9: 38-43] taking into account the motive of the request. Some theological sense is that Jesus healed all present at all times. Sometimes he determines whether they have confidence that he will heal them.
Jesus told his followers to heal the sick and stated that signs such as healing are evidence of faith. Jesus also told his followers to "heal the sick, raise the dead, make clean lepers, cast out demons, you receive free, give free". [Matthew 10: 8] [Mark 16: 17-18]
Jesus emphatically commanded many who received healing from him: "Do not tell anyone!" Jesus did not approve of anyone who asked for a sign only for the spectacle, describing it as coming from "the generation of evil and adulterers."
The Apostle Paul believes that healing is one of the special gifts of the Holy Spirit, [1 Corinthians 12: 9] and there may be certain people who can have this gift to an extraordinary degree high.
In the New Testament Letter of James, [5:14] the faithful are told that to be healed, the sick must call the elders of the church to pray [them] and anoint [them] with oil in the name of God.
The New Testament says that during the ministry of Jesus and after His Resurrection, the apostles healed the sick and cast out demons, made the lame walk, raised the dead and performed other miracles.
Jesus used miracles to convince people that he was inaugurating the Messianic Age. as in Mt 12.28. Scholars have described the miracle of Jesus as building a kingdom during his lifetime.
Pentecostal/Charismatic Movement
At the beginning of the 20th century, the new Pentecostal movement attracted participants from the Holiness movement and other movements in America who already believed in divine healing. In the 1930s, some faith healers attracted many people and built around the world.
The first Pentecost in the modern sense appears in Topeka, Kansas, in a Bible school conducted by Charles Fox Parham, a purity teacher and former Methodist minister. Pentecostalism reached the world's attention in 1906 through the Azusa Revival in Los Angeles led by William Joseph Seymour.
Smith Wigglesworth was also a famous figure in the early 20th century. A former British plumber became a simple evangelist and read nothing but the Bible from the moment his wife taught him to read, Wigglesworth traveled the world preaching about Jesus and doing healing of faith. Wigglesworth claims to appoint some of the dead in the name of Jesus in his meetings.
During the 1920s and 1930s, Aimee Semple McPherson was a controversial healer of faith, increasingly popular during the Great Depression. Furthermore, William Branham has been credited as the founder of the post-World War II revival. In the late 1940s, Oral Roberts was famous, and he continued with faith healing until the 1980s. Roberts discounted faith healing in the late 1950s, stating, "I have never been a healer of faith and I have never been raised that way.my parents strongly believe in medical science and we have doctors who take care of our children when they are sick. can not cure anybody - God does that. "A friend of Roberts is Kathryn Kuhlman, another popular healer of faith, who gained fame in the 1950s and has a television program on CBS. Also in this era, Jack Coe and A. A. Allen were faith healers traveling with large tents for a large open crusade.
The successful use of Oral Roberts television as a medium to get a wider audience makes others follow it. Former pilot Kenneth Copeland started a healing ministry. Pat Robertson, Benny Hinn, and Peter Popoff became famous evangelists who claimed to heal the sick. Richard Rossi is known for advertising his healing clinic on television and secular radio. Kuhlman influenced Benny Hinn, who adopted some of his techniques and wrote a book about him.
Catholicism
The Catholic Church recognizes two types of "non-mutually exclusive" healing, justified by science and justified by faith:
- healing by human "natural way [...] through medical practice" which emphasizes that the theological virtue of "charity demands that we not neglect the natural way of healing the sick" and the cardinal goodness of caution warns not "to using techniques that have no scientific (or even reasonable) support ""
- healing by divine grace "intervenes on behalf of the sick through the prayer of the name of the Lord Jesus, asking for healing through the power of the Holy Spirit, both in the form of sacramental laying from the hands and anointing with oil or simple prayers for healing, which often include the plea to the saints for their help "
In 2000, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith issued a "Instruction of prayer for healing" with specific norms concerning prayer meetings for healing, presenting the doctrine of disease and healing of the Catholic Church.
He accepts "that there may be a natural healing device not yet understood or recognized by science," but he rejects superstitious practices incompatible with Christian doctrine or incompatible with scientific evidence.
Faith healing is reported by Catholics as a result of intercessory prayer to a saint or to someone with the gift of healing. By US. Catholic magazine, "Even in this skeptical, postmodern, and scientific age - miracles are really possible." Three quarters of American Catholics say they pray for miracles.
According to John Cavadini, when healing was given, "The miracle is not primarily for healing, but for everyone, as a sign of God's work in the healing of the so-called 'salvation' or the coming kingdom sign.." Some people may see healing they themselves are a sign that they are worthy or pure, while others are not worthy of it.
The Catholic Church has a special congregation dedicated to careful investigation of the validity of miracles suspected to be caused by prospective saints. Pope Francis tightened rules on money and miracles in the canonization process. Because Catholic Christians believe that the lives of canonized saints in the Church will reflect Christ, many come to expect miracles of healing. While the popular conception of miracles can be immense, the Catholic Church has a special definition for a type of miracle that is officially recognized in the canonization process.
According to the Catholic Encyclopedia , it is often said that the medication in the shrine and during the Christian pilgrimage is largely due to psychotherapy - partly to belief in trust in the Divine providence, and partly with a strong hope of healing coming people who can whispered at this time and place.
Among the most famous stories by Catholics about the healing of faith are those attributed to the miraculous intercession of the appearance of the Blessed Mother known as Our Lady of Lourdes at Our Lady of Lourdes Sanctuary in France and the remission of a threatening disease soul. claimed by those who have appealed for help to Saint Jude, known as the "patron saint of the lost cause".
In 2004, Catholic medical officers have confirmed that there are 67 wonders and 7,000 unexplained medical drugs in Lourdes since 1858. In a 1908 book, it said these drugs were subjected to intensive medical examinations and were only recognized as authentic spiritual medicines after commission. doctors and scientists, called the Lourdes Medical Bureau, have ruled out any physical mechanisms for patient recovery. Belgian philosophers and skeptics Etienne Vermeersch coined the term effects of Lourdes as a critique of magical thinking and placebo effects likely for miraculous healing that it claimed because there was no documented event in which the broken arms had been reconnected through faith healing at Lourdes. Vermeersch identified the ambiguity and vagueness of miraculous healing as a key feature of the miraculous event.
Christian Science
Christian science claims that healing is possible through an understanding of the spiritual perfection underlying God's creation. A world considered human is believed to be a perversion of spiritual reality. Christian scientists believe that prayer healing is possible as long as he manages to correct distortions. Christian scholars believe that prayer does not alter spiritual creation but gives a clearer view of it, and the result appears in the human scene as a healing: the human image adapts more closely to the divine reality. Prayer works through love: the recognition of God's creation as spiritual, whole, and inherently lovable.
An important point in Christian Science is that the efficacious prayer and moral regeneration of one's life go hand in hand: that "signs and wonders are forged in the healing of physical metaphysical diseases, but these signs are merely to demonstrate their divine origin, to prove the reality of the mission which is superior to the power of Christ to take away the sins of the world. "Christian science teaches that illness is mental, mortal fear, false belief or belief in the need and strength of ill health - ignorance of the power and goodness of God. The "Prayer" chapter in Science and Health with the Key of Scripture provides a complete explanation of prayer healing, while the testimony at the end of the book is written by people who believe they have been healed through the spiritual understanding gained from reading books.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) has a long history of healing of faith. Many LDS Church members have told their healing story in OSZA publication, Ensign . The Church believes healing comes most often as a result of the blessing of the priesthood given by laying on of hands; However, prayer often accompanied by fasting is also considered to cause healing. Healing is always associated with the power of God. Latter-day Saints believe that the priesthood of God, held by the prophets (like Moses) and the worthy saints of the Disciples, was restored through the celestial messenger to the first prophet of this dispensation, Joseph Smith.
According to the LDS doctrine, although members may have the priesthood authority restored to heal in the name of Jesus Christ, all efforts should be made to seek appropriate medical help. Brigham Young states this effectively, while also noting that the end result is still dependent on the will of God.
If we are sick, and ask the Lord to heal us, and to do all for us that needs to be done, according to my understanding of the gospel of salvation, I may also ask God to make my wheat and corn grow, without me plowing the soil and casting in the seeds. It seems consistent for me to apply every medicine that comes within my knowledge, and to ask my Father in Heaven, in the name of Jesus Christ, to sanctify that application for the healing of my body.
But if we were traveling on a mountain,... and one or two sick people, with nothing in the world in the form of healing drugs within our reach, what should we do? According to my faith, ask God Almighty to... heal the sick. This is our privilege, when it is in place so we can not get anything to help ourselves. Then God and his servants can do it all. But it is my duty to do so, when I have it in my strength.
We put hands on the sick and hope that they be cured, and pray to the Lord to heal them, but we can not always say that he will be healed.
Islam
Konkhogin Haokip has claimed some Muslims believe that the Quran is sent not only as a revelation, but as a medicine, and that they believe the Quran heals physical and spiritual diseases through such practices.
- Read the Quran on water or olive oil and drink, bathe or anoint yourself with it.
- Placing your right hand in the sick place, or putting your right hand on your forehead and reciting Sura Al-Fatiha . These methods are referred to as ruqyah .
Scientology
Some Scientologist critics call some practices similar to faith healing, based on claims made by L. Ron Hubbard in Dianetics: Modern Mental Health Sciences and other writings.
Maps Faith healing
Scientific investigation
Almost all scientists reject the healing of faith as pseudosain. Some opponents of the pseudoscience label assert that faith healing does not make scientific claims and thus should be treated as a matter of faith that science can not test. Critics reply that medical drug claims must be tested scientifically because, although beliefs in supernatural matters are not necessarily generally regarded as fields of science, the claims of reproducible effects remain subject to scientific inquiry.
A study in the British Medical Journal investigated spiritual healing, therapeutic touch, and faith healing. In a hundred cases investigated, none of the cases revealed that the healer intervention itself resulted in improved or cured of measurable organic defects.
A Cochrane review of intercessory prayers found "although some results from individual studies show the positive effect of intercessory prayer, the majority do not". The authors conclude,
We are not sure that further trials of these interventions should be done and prefer to look at the resources available for trials as they are used to investigate other questions in health care.
A previous trial in 2006 has reported that intercessory prayer has no effect on uncomplicated recovery from cardiac surgery, but certain groups receiving intercessory prayer experience higher levels of complications.
A group at Johns Hopkins published a study in 2011 reported no significant effect on pain, mood, health perception, disease disorder, or self-efficacy, but a small increase in energy reported in a double-blind study to test efficacy spiritual practice. in chronically ill adults.
After Kathryn Kuhlman's 1967 fellowship in Philadelphia, William A. Nolen conducted a case study of 23 people who claimed to have recovered during his services. Long-term follow-up Nolen concluded there was no cure in such cases. Furthermore, "a woman who was said to have recovered from spinal cancer threw her tongs and ran across the stage on Kuhlman's orders, her spine collapsed the next day, according to Nolen, and she died four months later." In 1976, Kuhlman died in Tulsa, Oklahoma, after open heart surgery.
In addition, at least one study has suggested that Christian Christian Scientists, who generally use prayer rather than medical care, have higher mortality rates than others at the same age.
The Global Medical Research Institute (GMRI) was established in 2012 to begin collecting patient medical records claiming to have received the miracle of supernatural healing as a result of Christian Spiritual Healing practices. The organization has a panel of physicians reviewing patient records who saw entries before miracles and entries claimed after the miracle was claimed to have occurred. "The overall goal of GMRI is to promote an empirical understanding of the physiological, emotional, and sociological effects of Christian Spiritual Healing practices." This is achieved by applying the same rigorous standards used in the form of other medical and scientific research.
Criticism
People who are skeptical with faith healing offer mainly two explanations for anecdotes of healing or repair, eliminating any need to attract the supernatural. The first is post hoc ergo propter hoc , which means that a genuine improvement or spontaneous remission may be experienced by chance but irrespective of what the healer or patient does or does. These patients will improve well even if they do not do anything. The second is a placebo effect, in which a person may experience severe pain relief and other symptomatic relief. In this case, patients have actually been helped by faith-based or faith-based medicines, not through mysterious or numinous functions, but by the strength of their own beliefs that they will be healed. In both cases, the patient may experience a noticeable reduction in symptoms, although no miraculous or unexplained cases occur. Both cases, however, are severely limited to the body's natural ability.
Menurut American Cancer Society:
... available scientific evidence does not support the claim that healing of faith can actually cure physical illness... One review published in 1998 examined 172 death cases among children treated with faith healing rather than conventional methods. These researchers estimate that if conventional treatment has been given, the survival rate for most of these children will be over 90 percent, with the rest of the children also having a good chance of survival. More recent studies have found that more than 200 children have died of treatable diseases in the United States over the past thirty years because their parents relied on spiritual healing rather than conventional medical care.
The American Medical Association considers that prayer as a therapy should not be a medically replaceable or medical cost.
Negative impact on public health
Reliance on faith healing to rule out other forms of treatment can have an impact on public health when reducing or eliminating access to modern medical techniques. This is evident at higher mortality rates for children and in reducing life expectancy for adults. Critics also noted the serious injury caused by a "healing" error, in which patients mistakenly consider themselves cured and stopped or quit from treatment. For example, at least six people have died after faith healing by their church and were told they had been cured of HIV and could stop using their medicines. This is the position of the AMA which states that "prayer as a therapy should not delay access to traditional medical care". Choosing the healing of faith while rejecting modern medicine can and does cause people to die in vain.
Christian theological criticism of the healing of faith
The Christian theological criticism of the healing of faith extends widely into two different levels of dispute.
The first is widely called the "open-but-cautious" view of miracles in the church today. The term is purposely used by Robert L. Saucy in the book What is a Miracle Gift for Today? . Don Carson is another example of a Christian teacher who has presented what is described as an "open-but-cautious" view. In dealing with Warfield's claims, notably "Warfield's insistence that miracles cease," Carson asserts, "But this argument stands only if such magical gifts are theologically bound exclusively to the role of endorsement, and that proves to be so." However, while asserting that he does not expect healing to occur today, Carson is very critical of this aspect of the healing movement of faith, "Another problem is that major violations in healing practice.... The most common form of abuse is the view that because all illnesses are direct or is not directly from the devil and his work, and because Christ through his cross has defeated the devil, and by his Spirit has given us the power to overcome him, healing is the inheritance right of all true Christians who call to God with sincere faith.
The second level of theological disagreement with the healing of the Christian faith goes further. Usually referred to as kessasionism, its followers claim that the healing of faith will not happen today at all, or it may happen today, but it is unusual. Richard Gaffin argues for a faded form in an essay with Saucy in the book What is a Miraculous Gift for Today ? In his book Perspectives on Pentecost Gaffin declares healing and related rewards that "the conclusion that can be drawn is that as set forth in 1 Corinthians 12 (v. 9f., 29f.) And encountered throughout the narrative in Acts, these gifts, especially when done regularly by certain individuals, are part of the basic structure of the church... and have come out of church life. "Gaffin qualifies this, however, by saying" At the same time, however, the will of sovereignty and the power of God today to heal the sick, especially in response to prayer (see eg James 5: 14,15), must be acknowledged and insisted. "
Fraud
Skeptics of the faith healers point to fraudulent practices either in healing itself (like plants among spectators with false illnesses), or along with the supposed healing work and claiming that faith healing is a shaman's practice in which the "healers" use a famous non-supernatural illusion to exploit the confident people to gain their gratitude, confidence and money. James Randi The Faith Healers investigates Christian evangelists such as Peter Popoff, who claims to heal the sick on stage in front of the audience. Popoff pretends to know the personal details about the life of the participants by receiving radio transmissions from his wife who are off-stage and has collected information from the audience before the show. According to this book, many of the leading modern evangelical evangelicals are involved in deception and deceit. The book also questions how faith healers use the funds that are sent to them for a particular purpose. Physicist Robert L. Park and physician and consumer advocate Stephen Barrett questioned the ethics of an exorbitant amount of fees.
Miracles for sale
Derren Brown's TV personality produced a show on faith healing entitled "Miracle for Sale" which arguably exposes the art of healing the faith as a scam. In this event, Derren trains a scuba diver trainer chosen from the general public to become a faith healer and takes him to Texas to successfully deliver a faith healing session to the congregation.
There is also legal controversy. For example, in 1955 at the Jack Coe service in Miami, Florida, Coe told the parents of a three-year-old boy that he healed their polio son. Coe then tells the parents to remove the son's buffer wire. However, their son does not recover from polio and removes the braces leaving the child in pain. As a result, through the efforts of Joseph L. Lewis, Coe was arrested and charged on February 6, 1956 with unlicensed medical practice, a crime in the state of Florida. A Florida Justice Peace Court dismissed the case on the grounds that Florida excluded the divine healing of the law. Later that year Coe was diagnosed with bulbar polio, and died a few weeks later at Dallas Parkland Hospital on December 17, 1956.
United States Act
The 1974 Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) requires states to grant religious exceptions to child abuse and child abuse laws to receive federal money. CAPTA Amendment of 1996 42 U.S.C. Ã,§Ã, 5106i:
(A) In general. - Nothing in this Act should be interpreted -
(1) as stipulating the Federal requirement that a parent or legal guardian provides the child with medical care or care for the religious beliefs of a parent or legal guardian; and "(2) to require the State to discover, or prohibit the State from the findings, harassment or neglect in case in which the parent or legal guardian relies entirely or partially on spiritual means rather than medical treatment, in accordance with the religious beliefs of the parent or legal guardian.
(a) a State shall, at least, have powers under the law of the State to permit the child protection system of the State to seek legal remedy, including the authority to initiate proceedings in court with jurisdiction to provide medical care or care to children when such care or care is required to prevent or correct serious damage to the child, or to prevent cuts of indicated medical care of children with life-threatening conditions Except with regard to treatment suspension medical indicated by a disabled baby with life-threatening conditions, case-by-case determination of the exercise of the powers of this sub-section shall be within the sole discretion of the State itself.
Thirty-one countries have the exception of child abuse religions. These are Alabama, Alaska, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Virginia, and Wyoming. In these six states, Arkansas, Idaho, Iowa, Louisiana, Ohio, and West Virginia, the exceptions include murder and massacres. Of this amount, Idaho is the only country that is accused of having a large number of deaths due to legislation in recent times. In February 2015, controversy triggered in Idaho over a bill that is believed to further strengthen the right of parents to refuse their children's medical care.
Frivolous killing predictions
Parents have been punished for child abuse and careless reckless murder crimes and were found responsible for killing their children when they held medical care to save lives and chose only prayers.
See also
Note
References
Bibliography
External links
- Media related to Faith's healing on Wikimedia Commons
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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