Religious art or sacred art is artistic imagery using religious inspiration and motif and is often meant to elevate the mind to the spiritual. Sacred art involves ritual and cultic practices and the practical and operative aspects of the path of spiritual realization in the religious tradition of artists.
Video Religious art
Christian Art
Christian sacred art is produced in an attempt to illustrate, complement and illustrate in the concrete form the principles of Christianity, although other definitions are possible. This is to create the image of the various beliefs in the world and what it looks like. Most Christian groups use or have used the art to some extent, though some have strong objections to some form of religious image, and there is a major iconoclasm period in Christianity. Much of Christian art is an allegory, or built around a theme familiar to the intended observer. One of the most common Christian themes is about the Virgin Mary who holds the baby Jesus. The other is Christ's on the Cross. For the sake of the illiterate, a complicated iconography system was developed to conclusively identify scenes. For example, Saint Agnes is depicted with a sheep, St. Peter with a key, Saint Patrick with shamrock. Each saint holds or is associated with attributes and symbols in the sacred art.
History
Early Christian art survived the near date of the origins of Christianity. The oldest surviving Christian painting is from the site in Megiddo, dated around 70, and the oldest Christian statues are from the sarcophagus, dating from the early 2nd century. Until the adoption of Christianity by the Christian art of Constantine gained the style and many iconography of the popular Roman art, but from this point the great Christian buildings built under imperial protection brought the need for a Christian version of the Roman elite and the official art, where the mosaics in the church -the church in Rome is the most prominent example.
During the development of Christian art in the Byzantine empire (see Byzantine art), a more abstract aesthetic replaces naturalism previously defined in Hellenistic art. This new style is hieratic, meaning that its main purpose is to convey religious meaning rather than accurately create objects and people. Realistic perspectives, proportions, light and color are ignored for the sake of simplifying geometric shapes, reversed perspectives and standard conventions to describe individuals and events. The controversy over the use of graven images, the interpretation of the Second Command, and the Byzantine Iconoclasm crisis led to the standardization of religious imaging in Eastern Orthodoxy.
The Renaissance saw an increase in monumental secular works, but until the Christian art of the Protestant Reformation continued to be produced in large numbers, both for church and clergy and for the laity. During this time, Michelangelo Buonarroti painted the Sistine Chapel and carved the famous PietÃÆ' , Gianlorenzo Bernini made a large column in St. Peter's Basilica, and Leonardo Da Vinci painted the Last Supper . The Reformation had a profound effect on Christian art, rapidly bringing the production of public Christian art to cessation in the Protestant countries, and causing the destruction of most of the existing art.
As a secular, non-sectarian universal idea, art emerged in Western Europe in the nineteenth century, secular artists sometimes treat Christian themes (Bouguereau, Manet). Only rarely a Christian artist is included in the historical canon (such as Rouault or Stanley Spencer). But many modern artists such as Eric Gill, Marc Chagall, Henri Matisse, Jacob Epstein, Elizabeth Frink and Graham Sutherland have produced famous artwork for the church. Through a social interpretation of Christianity, Fritz von Uhde also revived an interest in sacred art, although the description of Jesus in ordinary places in life.
Since the advent of printing, the sale of reproductions of pious works has become a key element of popular Christian culture. In the 19th century, this included genre-painters like MihÃÆ'¡ly MunkÃÆ'¡csy. The discovery of color lithography causes a wide circulation of sacred cards. In the modern era, companies specializing in modern commercial Christian artists such as Thomas Blackshear and Thomas Kinkade, although widely regarded in the art world as kitsch, have been very successful.
The last part of the 20th and first part of the 21st century has seen a focused effort by artists who claim faith in Christ to rebuild art with themes revolving around faith, Christ, God, the Church, the Bible and others the classic. Christian themes are worthy of respect for the secular art world. Artists like Makoto Fujimura have a significant influence both in sacred and secular art. Other notable artists include Larry D. Alexander, Gary P. Bergel, Carlos Cazares, Bruce Herman, Deborah Sokolove, and John August Swanson.
Maps Religious art
Buddhist Art
Buddhist art originated in the Indian subcontinent following the historical life of Siddhartha Gautama, 6th to 5th century BC, and subsequently developed through contact with other cultures as it spread throughout Asia and the world.
Buddhist art follows believers when dharma spread, adapt, and evolve in every new host country. It thrives north through Central Asia and into East Asia to form the branch of Northern Buddhist art, and to the east as far as Southeast Asia to form the southern branch of Buddhist art. In India, Buddhist art developed and even influenced the development of Hindu art, until Buddhism almost disappeared in India around the 10th century due in part to a strong Islamic expansion in addition to Hinduism.
Tibetan Buddhist Art
Much of Tibetan Buddhist art is associated with the practice of Vajrayana or Buddhist tantra. Tibetan art includes the thangka and mandala, often including the depictions of Buddhas and bodhisattvas. The creation of Buddhist art is usually done as a meditation as well as creating objects as aids for meditation. An example of this is the creation of sand mandals by monks; before and after development prayer is recited, and the mandala form represents the pure environment of a Buddha meditating to train the mind. This work is rarely, if ever, signed by the artist. Other Tibetan Buddhist art includes metal ritual objects, such as vajra and phurba.
Indian Buddhist Art
Two places show more clearly than others the vitality of Buddhist cave paintings from around the 5th century. One of them is Ajanta, a site in India that was long forgotten until it was discovered in 1817. The other is Dunhuang, one of the staging post of the great oasis on the Silk Road... The paintings range from images of Buddha's calm contemplation to crowded and bustling scenes, often featuring full-lined and narrow-necked women who are more familiar in Indian sculpture than in paintings. The main art includes mosques and madonna (the art of Mary and perhaps her son)
Islamic Art
The prohibition of representational representational images in religious art, as well as the nature of Arabic script, leads to the use of calligraphic decorations, which usually involve repetitive geometry patterns that express the ideals of order and nature. It is used on religious architecture, carpets, and handwritten documents. The art of Islam has reflected this balanced and harmonious world view. It focuses on the spiritual essence rather than the physical form.
Despite the reluctance to worship potential idols through Islamic history, this is a modern Sunni view. The Persian miniature, along with the medieval portrayal of Muhammad and the angels in Islam, stands out as a prominent example contrary to modern Sunni traditions. Also, the Shi'a Muslims are much less preoccupied with the depictions of figures, including the Prophet during his filming respectfully.
Representative figures in sacred sacred art
The Islamic resistance to the representation of living beings ultimately stems from the belief that the creation of life forms is unique to God, and for this reason the role of image and image maker is controversial. The strongest statements about the figural illustrations are made in the Hadith (Tradition of the Prophet), in which painters are challenged to "breathe life" into their creations and are threatened with punishment on the Day of Judgment. The Qur'an is less specific but condemns idolatry and uses the Arabic term musawwir ("form-maker," or artist) as a nickname for God. Partly as a result of these religious sentiments, the figures in the paintings are often distilled and, in some cases, the destruction of figurative artwork takes place. Iconoclasm was previously known in the Byzantine period and anichonikism is a feature of the Jewish world, thus placing Islamic objections to figurative representations in a larger context. As an ornament, however, the numbers are largely without bigger meaning and may therefore be less challenging. As with other forms of Islamic ornaments, artists freely adapt and popularize basic human and animal forms, giving rise to various figural-based designs.
Calligraphy
Calligraphy is the most revered and most basic element of Islamic art. It is important that the Qur'an, the book of Allah's revelation to the Prophet Muhammad, is transmitted in Arabic, and inherent in Arabic script is the potential to develop various ornamental shapes. The use of calligraphy as an ornament has a definite aesthetic appeal but often also includes an underlying talismanic component. Although most works of art have readable inscriptions, not all Muslims can read them. However, one should always remember that calligraphy is basically a means of sending text, although in a decorative form. From the simple and primitive early examples of the 5th and 6th centuries, the Arabic script grew rapidly after the advent of Islam in the 7th century into a beautiful art form. The two main families of calligraphic styles are the dry style, called generally Kufic, and the cursive soft style, which includes Naskhi, Thuluth, Nastaliq and many others.
Geometry
The geometric pattern forms one of three types of nonfigural decoration in Islamic art, which also includes calligraphy and vegetation patterns. Whether isolated or used in combination with nonfigural ornamental or figural representations, geometric patterns are popularly associated with Islamic art, in large part due to their aniconic qualities. This abstract design not only adorns the surface of monumental Islamic architecture but also serves as a major decorative element on various objects of all kinds.
See also
- Religious image
References
Further reading
-
Evans, Helen C. & amp; Wixom, William D. (1997). Byzantine Glory: art and culture of the Byzantine era Central, A.D. 843-1261. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN: 9780810965072. - Hein, David. "Christianity and Art." The Living Church , May 4, 2014, 8-11.
- The Vatican: the spirit and art of Roman Christianity. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. 1982. ISBN: 0870993488. Ã,
- Morgan, David (1998). Visual Piety: History and Popular Religious Image Theory. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
- Sauchelli, Andrea (2016). The Will to Make-Believe: Religious Fiction, Religious Beliefs, and Art Value. Philosophy and Research Phenomenology , 93, 3.
- Charlene Spretnak, Spiritual Dynamic in Modern Art: History of Art Considered, 1800 to the present .
- Veith, Gene Edward, junior . Art Prize: Place of Art in Scripture . Downers Grove, Illinois.: Inter-Varsity Press, 1983. 130 p. ISBNÃ, 0-87784-813-0
External links
- Iconia - Wherever Faith Meets Art
- mandalaZone ~ Original mandala reminds ancient spiritual arts
- The Buddhist Tantric Symbol
- www.religious-art.org The world's most famous religious paintings
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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