William Moulton Marston (May 9, 1893 - May 2, 1947), also known as the pen Charles Moulton ( ), is an American psychologist, inventor early prototypes of lie detectors, self-help writers, and comic book writers who created the Wonder Woman character.
Two women, his wife Elizabeth Holloway Marston, and their polio spouse, Olive Byrne, greatly influenced the creation of Wonder Woman.
He was appointed to the Comic Book Hall of Fame in 2006.
Video William Moulton Marston
Biography
Early life and career
Marston was born in the Cliftondale section of Saugus, Massachusetts, son of Annie Dalton (nÃÆ' Â © e Moulton) and Frederick William Marston. Marston was educated at Harvard University, graduated Phi Beta Kappa and received a B.A. in 1915, an LL.B. in 1918, and a PhD in Psychology in 1921. After teaching at American University in Washington, DC, and Tufts University in Medford, Massachusetts, Marston traveled to Universal Studios in California in 1929, where he spent a year as Director Public service.
Marston has 2 children each with his wife Elizabeth Holloway Marston and partner Olive Byrne. Elizabeth supported the family financially while Byrne stayed home to take care of their four children. Both Olive and Elizabeth "embody feminism today."
Psychologist and inventor
Marston is the creator of the systolic blood pressure test, which became one of the components of the modern polygraph invented by John Augustus Larson in Berkeley, California. Marston's wife, Elizabeth Holloway Marston, suggested a link between emotion and blood pressure with William, observing that, "[he] is angry or joyful, his blood pressure seems to be rising."
Although Elizabeth was not listed as a collaborator of Marston in her original work, Lamb, Matte (1996), and others refer directly and indirectly to Elizabeth's own work on her husband's research. He also appeared in pictures taken in his laboratory in 1920 (reproduced by Marston, 1938).
Marston began commercializing Larson's discovery of polygraph, when he later began his career in entertainment and comic book writing and appeared as a salesman in advertisements for Gillette Razors, using polygraph motifs. From his psychological work, Marston became convinced that women were more honest than men in certain situations and could work faster and more accurately. During his lifetime, Marston championed the latent abilities and causes of women in his day.
Marston is also an essayist in popular psychology. In 1928, he published the Emotion of the Normal, describing DISC Theory. Marston sees people behave along two axes, with their passive or active attention, depending on the individual's perception of his environment as either favorable or antagonistic. By placing the axis on the right-hand corner, the four quadrants form, with each describing a behavioral pattern:
- Domination produces activity in an antagonist environment
- Persuasion results in activity in a favorable environment
- Submissions generate passive in favorable environments
- Compliance produces passive in an antagonist environment.
Marston argues that there is a masculine idea of ​​freedom that is inherently anarchic and violent and contradictory feminine ideas based on the "Friendship of Love" which leads to the ideal state of being subject to a loving authority.
Maps William Moulton Marston
Wonder Woman
Creation
On October 25, 1940, an interview by former student Olive Byrne (under the pseudonym "Olive Richard") was published in The Family Circle (titled "Do not Laugh at Comics"), in what Marston said that he saw "tremendous educational potential" in comic books. (An advanced article was published two years later in 1942). This interview attracted the attention of comic book publisher Max Gaines, who hired Marston as education consultant for National Periodicals and All-American Publications, two companies that would later join. to form DC Comics.
In the early 1940s, the DC Comics line was dominated by super-powered male characters such as Green Lantern and Superman (its flagship character), as well as Batman, with high-tech gadgets.
According to Boston University alumni magazine Fall 2001 edition, it was the idea of ​​Marston's wife, Elizabeth Holloway Marston, to create a super heroine. Marston recommends the idea for a new type of superhero, which will not conquer a hand or strength, but with love. "Fine," said Elizabeth. "But make her a woman."
Marston introduced the idea to Max Gaines, co-founder of Jack Liebowitz of All-American Publications. Remembering the future, Marston developed the Wonder Woman, basing its character on an unconventional, free, powerful modern woman of her day. Marston's pseudonym, Charles Moulton, combines his middle name and Gaines.
In a 1943 edition of The American Scholar, Marston wrote: "Even girls do not want to be girls as long as our feminine archetypes lack strength, strength, and strength." Do not want to be girls, they do not. " "I want to be gentle, obedient, peace-loving as a good woman." The strong quality of women has been hated for their weakness.The obvious drug is to create a feminine character with all of Superman's powers plus all the charms of a good and beautiful woman. "
By 2017, most of Marston's papers arrive at the Schlesinger Library at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study; this collection helps to tell the background of "Wonder Woman," including his unorthodox personal life with two idealistic and powerful women, Olive Byrne and Elizabeth Marston, with connections to Margaret Sanger, one of the most influential feminists of the 20th century.
Development
Marston's character is a native of the all-female utopia of the Amazon who became an agent of the US government that fights crime, using its super power and agility, and its ability to force criminals to bow and tell the truth by tying them up with their magic lasso. Her appearance is believed by some to be based on Olive Byrne, and her heavy bronze bracelet (which she uses to deflect bullets) is inspired by the jewelry bracelet worn by Byrne.
After her name "Suprema" was replaced with "Wonder Woman," which is a popular term at the time that depicts a very talented woman, the character debuted at All Star Comics # 8 in December. 1941. The Wonder Woman subsequently appeared in Sensation Comics # 1 (January 1942), and six months later, Wonder Woman # 1 debuted. Except for four months in 1986, this series has been in print ever since. The stories were originally written by Marston and illustrated by Harry Peter's newspaper artist. During his lifetime, Marston had written numerous articles and books on various psychological topics, but the last six years of his writing were devoted to his comic production.
Death
William Moulton Marston died of cancer on May 2, 1947, in Rye, New York, seven days before his 54th birthday. After his death, Elizabeth and Olive continued to live together until Olive's death in 1990, 86 years old; Elizabeth died in 1993, 100 years old.
Legacy
In 1985, Marston was posthumously crowned as one of the recipients of awards by DC Comics in the company's 50th anniversary publication. Fifty Who Made the Great DC .
Themes
William Moulton Marston's philosophy of diametric opposition has diluted his Wonder Woman mythological design. This diametric theme takes its emphasis on certain masculine and feminine configurations and dominance and surrender.
Marston's "Wonder Woman" is an early example of a slavery theme that entered popular culture in the 1930s. Physical and mental surrender appears again and again throughout Marston's comic work, with Wonder Woman and his criminal opponents often tied up (or under control), and his Amazon brothers engaged in wrestling and slavery. These elements were softened by the subsequent writers of the series, who dropped a character like a Nazi blond slave girl like Eviless completely, though she has formed the original enemy of Villainy Inc. from Wonder Woman (in Wonder Woman # 28, the last by Marston.)
Although Marston has described the nature of women as being more able to surrender emotions, in other writings and interviews, it refers to obedience as a noble practice and does not shy away from sexual implications, saying:
The only hope for peace is to teach those who are passionate and unbounded forces to enjoy being bound... Only when self-control by others is more pleasant than the unbounded self-affirmation in human relations can we expect to be stable, society a peaceful man... Giving to others, controlled by them, subject to others is unlikely to be fun without a strong erotic element.
One of the purposes of this portrayal of slavery is to induce eroticism in the reader as part of what he calls "sex love training." Through his Wonder Woman comic, he aims to equip readers to be more prepared to accept loving devotion to loving authority than to be assertive with their own destructive ego. About the male reader, he later wrote: "Give them a lusting woman stronger than themselves to submit, and they will be proud to be their willing slaves!"
Marston combines these themes with others, including restorative and transformative justice, rehabilitation, regret and their role in civilization. This often appears in his portrayal of an almost idealized Amazon civilization on the island of Heaven, and especially colonies of colonization in the Reform Islands, which play a central role in many stories and is a "loving" alternative to the world's male retributive justice. These themes are very clear in the last story, where prisoners are released by Eviless, who has responded to the rehabilitation of the Amazon and now has a good dominance/surrender, stopping it and restoring the Amazon to power.
Some of these themes continue on the character of Silver Age, which may have been influenced by Marston, especially Saturn Girl and Saturn Queen, who (like Eviless and her army) also from Saturn, also wrapped tightly, dark red bodysuits, also blonde or red-haired, and also has telepathic powers.
Stories involving the latter mainly focused on the emotions involved in turning the side of evil into good, as the story of Green Lantern's "Greenest Eve" with the Emotional Spectrum might be influenced by Marston's research into emotion. Lasso gold Wonder Woman and Venus Girdle are specifically the focus of many early stories and have the same ability to reform people forever in the short span of time that Transformation Island and the prolonged use of Venus Girdle are offered in the long run. Venus Girdle is an allegory for Marston's theory of "sex love" training, in which people can be "trained" to accept submission through eroticism.
In movie
Marston's life is depicted in Professor Marston and Wonder Woman, a biopic drama also describing Elizabeth Holloway Marston, Olive Byrne, and the creation of Wonder Woman.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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