Religion in the United States is characterized by a diversity of religious beliefs and practices. Various religions have developed in the United States. The majority of Americans report that religion plays a very important role in their lives, a unique proportion among developed countries.
Historically, the United States has always been characterized by pluralism and religious diversity, beginning with the original beliefs of the pre-colonial period. In colonial times, Anglicans, Catholics and mainline Protestants, as well as Jews, arrived from Europe. Eastern Orthodoxy has been present since the Russian colonization in Alaska. Various disagreeing Protestants, who left the Church of England, greatly diversified the religious landscape. The Great Resurrection gave birth to many evangelical Protestant denominations; membership in the Methodist and Baptist churches increased dramatically in the Second Awakening. In the 18th century, deism gained support among the upper classes and American thinkers. The Episcopal Church, which broke away from the Church of England, became present in the American Revolution. New Protestant branches like Adventism emerged; Restoration and other Christians such as Jehovah's Witnesses, Latter-day Saint movement, Churches of Christ and Church of Christ, Scientist, and Unitarian and Universalist communities are all spread throughout the nineteenth century. Pentecostalism emerged in the early 20th century as a result of the Azusa Awakening. Scientology emerged in the 1950s. Unitarian universalism resulted from the merging of Unitarian and Universalist churches in the 20th century. Since the 1990s, the Christian religion has declined due to secularization, while Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, and other religions have spread. Protestantism, historically dominant, ceased to be a major religious category in the early 2010s.
The majority of US adults identify themselves as Christians, while about 20-25% claim there is no religious affiliation. According to a 2017 study by the Institute for Public Religion Research, about 69% of Americans identify themselves as Christians, with 45% claiming attendance at churches that can be considered Protestant, and 20% confessing Catholic beliefs. The same study says that other non-Christian religions (including Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islam) collectively make up about 7% of the population. According to a Gallup poll of 2016, Mississippi (with 63% of its adult population portrayed as very religious, saying that religion is important to them and attending worship almost every week) is the most religious country in the country, while New Hampshire (with only 20% of the adult population who is described as very religious) is the least religious country. The same company found in 2016 that 73.7% of Americans are Christians; 48.9% were Protestants, 23.0% Catholics and 1.8% Mormons; 18.2% have no religion and 5.4% are affiliated with other religions.
Video Religion in the United States
Histori
From the early colonial period, when several British and German settlers moved in search of religious freedom, America has been deeply influenced by religion. The influence continues in American culture, social life, and politics. Some of the original Thirteen Colonies were founded by settlers who wanted to practice their own religion within communities of like-minded people: The Massachusetts Bay Colony was founded by the British Puritan (Congregationalists), Pennsylvania by British Quakers by British Catholics, and Virginia by the British Anglican. Nonetheless, and as a result of religious interference and preference in the UK, the 1740 Plantation Law will establish official policies for new immigrants coming to Latin America until the American Revolution.
The text of the First Amendment of the Constitution states that "Congress shall not make laws that respect the formation of religion, or prohibit free practice thereof, nor summarize the freedom of speech, or the press, or the right of the peoples peacefully to collect, and to petition the Government to replace loss. "This guarantees religious freedom while also preventing the government from forming state religion. However, the states were not bound by the provisions and by the late 1830s Massachusetts gave tax money to the churches of the local Congregation. The Supreme Court since the 1940s has interpreted the Fourteenth Amendment as the application of the First Amendment to state and local governments.
President John Adams and the Senate unanimously supported the Tripoli Treaty in 1797 stating: "The United States government is not, in any sense, founded on Christianity."
Experts and writers have called the United States a "Protestant nation" or "founded on Protestant principles," which specifically emphasizes its Calvinist heritage.
The modern official motto of the United States, as defined in the 1956 law signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, is "In God We Trust". This phrase first appeared in US coins in 1864.
According to a 2002 survey by the Pew Research Center, nearly 6 in 10 Americans say that religion plays an important role in their lives, compared with 33% in the United Kingdom, 27% in Italy, 21% in Germany, 12% in Japan, and 11 % in France. Survey reports suggest that the results show Americans have greater similarities with developing countries (where higher percentage say that religion plays an important role) than other rich countries, where religion plays a small role.
In 1963, 90% of US adults claimed to be Christians while only 2% claimed to have no religious identity. In 2017, 69% were identified as Christians while 24% admitted there were no religious affiliations.
Maps Religion in the United States
Freedom of religion
The United States federal government is the first national government with no state-backed official religion. However, some countries have established religions in some form until the 1830s.
Modeling the provisions of religion in the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, the Constitutional drafters rejected any religious tests for office, and the First Amendment specifically denied the federal government any power to enact laws that respect the establishment of a religion or prohibit its freedom. training, thereby protecting religious organizations, institutions, or denominations from government interference. The decision was primarily influenced by Rationalist and Protestant ideologies of Europe, but it was also a consequence of the pragmatic concerns of minority religious groups and small states who did not want to be under the power or influence of a national religion that did not represent them.
Abrahamic religions
Christianity
The most popular religion in the US is Christianity, which consists of the majority of the population (69% of adults in 2017). According to the Association of Statistics of Members of the Religious Body of America published in March 2017, based on data from 2010, Christians are the largest religious population in all 3,143 districts in the country. About 46.5% of Americans are Protestant, 20.8% are Catholic, 1.6% are Mormons (a name commonly used to refer members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints), and 1.7% have affiliations with other Christian denominations. Christianity was introduced during the period of European colonization.
According to the 2012 review by the National Church Council, the five largest denominations are:
- The Catholic Church, 68,202,492 members
- The Southern Baptist Convention, 16,136,044 members
- United Methodist Church, 7,679,850 members
- The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 6,157,238 members
- Church of God in Christ, 5,499,875 members
The Southern Baptist Convention, with more than 16 million adherents, is the largest of more than 200 identifiable Protestant denominations. In 2007, members of evangelical churches comprised 26% of the American population, while the other 18% belonged to mainline Protestant churches, and 7% belonged to the historical black churches.
A 2015 study estimated about 450,000 Christians from Muslim backgrounds in the country, most of whom are members of Protestantism. In 2010 there were about 180,000 Arab Americans and about 130,000 Iranian Americans who migrated from Islam to Christianity. Dudley Woodbury, an Islamic Fulbright scholar, estimates that 20,000 Muslims convert to Christianity each year in the United States.
Mainline Protestant denominations
Historians agree that mainline Protestant denominations have played a leadership role in many aspects of American life, including politics, business, science, art, and education. They set up most of the leading higher education institutes in the country. According to Harriet Zuckerman, 72% of the American Nobel Prize between 1901 and 1972, has been identified from a Protestant background.
Episcopal and Presbyterian tend to be richer and better educated than most other religious groups, and the number of the wealthiest and wealthiest American families as Vanderbilts and Astors, Rockefeller, Du Pont, Roosevelt, Forbes, Whitney, Morgans and Harriman are the main Family Flow Protestants, although those affiliated with Judaism are the richest religious groups in the United States and those affiliated with Catholics, because of their large size, have the greatest number of adherents of all groups in the highest income groups.
Some of the first colleges and universities in America, including Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Columbia, Dartmouth, Williams, Bowdoin, Middlebury, and Amherst are all established by mainline Protestant denominations. By 1920, most had weakened or dropped their formal affiliation with denominations. James Hunter argues that:
- Private schools and colleges founded by mainline Protestant denominations, as a rule, still want to be known as a place for values, but very little will go so far as to identify those values ​​as Christians.... Overall, the distinctiveness of mainline Protestant identities has largely been disbanded since the 1960s.
Christian Settlers
Beginning about 1600 European settlers introduced Anglican and Puritan religions, as well as Baptists, Presbyterians, Lutherans, Quakers, and Moravian denominations.
Beginning in the 16th century, Spain (and later France and England) introduced the Catholic religion. From the 19th century to the present, Catholics moved to the United States in large numbers due to immigration of Italians, Hispanics, Portuguese, French, Polish, Irish, Scottish Highlands, Dutch, Flemish, Hungarian, German, Lebanese (Maronite), and others ethnic groups.
During the nineteenth century, two major branches of Eastern Christianity also came to America. Eastern Orthodoxy was brought to America by immigrant groups of Greece, Russia, Ukraine, Serbia, and other immigrants, mainly from Eastern Europe. At the same time, several immigrant groups from the Middle East, especially Armenians, Copts and Syriacs, brought the Oriental Orthodox to America.
Several Christian groups were established in America during the Revival. Interdenominational and Pentecostalist evangelicalism emerged; new Protestant denominations such as Adventism; non-denominational movements such as the Restoration Movement (which over time are separated into Christ's Churches, Christian churches and churches of Christ, and the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)); Jehovah's Witnesses (called "Bible Students" in the later part of the 19th century); and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormonism).
The power of various sects varies greatly in different parts of the country, with rural parts in the South having many evangelicals but very few Catholics (except Louisiana and the Gulf Coast, and from the Hispanic community, mostly Catholics), while urban areas in the northern Atlantic states and the Great Lakes, as well as many industrial and mining towns, are very Catholic, although still quite diverse, mainly because of the very Protestant African-American community. By 1990, almost 72% of Utah's population was Mormon, and 26% from neighboring Idaho. Lutheranism is most prominent in the Upper Midwest, with North Dakota having the highest Lutheran percentage (35% according to the 2001 survey).
The greatest religion, Christianity, has been reduced proportionately since 1990. While the number of Christians has increased from 1990 to 2008, the percentage of Christians has fallen from 86% to 76%. A national telephone interview of 1,002 adults conducted by The Barna Group found that 70% of American adults believe that God is "the omnipotent and omniscient creator of the universe that still reigns today," and that 9% of all Americans adults and 0.5% of young adults hold to what the survey defines as "the biblical worldview".
Members of Episcopalian, Presbyterian, Eastern Orthodox and United Church of Christ have the highest number of graduate and post-graduate levels per capita of all Christian denominations in the United States, as well as the highest earners.However, thanks to the size or number of demographic heads of Catholics, more individual Catholics have college degrees and are in the highest income group than have or have individuals from other religious communities.
Judaism
After Christianity, Judaism is the next largest religious affiliation in the US, although this identification does not necessarily imply religious beliefs or practices. There are between 5.3 and 6.6 million Jews. A large number of people identify themselves as American Jews for ethnic and cultural reasons, rather than religious ones. For example, 19% of American Jews who identified themselves do not believe God exists. The 2001 ARIS study projects from its sample that there are about 5.3 million adults in the American Jewish population: 2.83 million adults (1.4% of US adult population) are estimated to be Judaizers; 1.08 million estimated as followers of religion; and 1.36 million are thought to be believers other than Judaism. ARIS 2008 is estimated around 2.68 million adults (1.2%) in the country identify Judaism as their belief. According to a study of 2017, Judaism is the religion of about 2% of the American population.
The Jews have been present in what has now become the US since the 17th century, and is specifically allowed since the 1740 British Colonial Plantation Act. Although the small, West European community originally developed and grew, large-scale immigration did not occur until the end of the twentieth century. 19, largely as a result of persecution in parts of Eastern Europe. The Jewish community in the United States is composed mostly of Ashkenazi Jews whose ancestors emigrated from Central and Eastern Europe. There is, however, a small number of older (and some newly arrived) communities from Sephardi Jews with roots dating from the 15th century Iberia (Spain, Portugal, and North Africa). There are also Mizrahi Jews (from the Middle East, Caucasian and Central Asia), as well as a small number of Ethiopian Jews, Jewish Indians, Jewish Kaifeng and others from smaller ethnic Jewish divisions. About 25% of the American Jewish population lives in New York City.
According to the Association of Religious Statistics Member States of America published in March 2017, based on data from 2010, Jews are the largest religious minority in 231 districts of 3143 counties in the country. According to a 2014 survey conducted by the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, 1.7% of US adults identify Judaism as their religion. Among those surveyed, 44% said they were Reform Jews, 22% said they were Conservative Jews, and 14% said they were Orthodox Jews. According to the National Jewish Population Survey 1990, 38% of Jews are affiliated with the Reformed tradition, 35% are Conservative, 6% are Orthodox, 1% are Reconstruction, 10% are related to some other traditions, and 10% say they are "Jewish only".
The Pew Research Center report on American Judaism released in October 2013 reveals that 22% of American Jews say they are "non-religious" and the majority of respondents do not view religion as a major constituent of Jewish identity. 62% believe Jewish identity is based primarily on ancestors and cultures, only 15% in religion. Among the Jews who gave Judaism as their religion, 55% based on Jewish identity to ancestors and cultures, and 66% did not regard belief in God as important to Judaism.
A 2009 study estimated the Jewish population (including those who defined themselves as Jews by religion and those who defined themselves as Jews in cultural or ethnic terms) between 6 and 6.4 million. According to a study conducted in 2000 there are about 6.14 million Jews in the country, about 2% of the population.
According to the National Jewish Survey of 2001, 4.3 million American Jewish adults have some kind of strong relationship with the Jewish community, whether religious or cultural. Jewry is generally regarded as an ethnic identity as well as a religion. Among the 4.3 million American Jews who are described as "closely related" to Judaism, over 80% have some sort of active involvement with Judaism, ranging from attendance at daily prayer services at one end of the spectrum to attending the Seder Passover or lighting Hanukkah candles in the other. The survey also found that Jews in the Northeast and Midwest are generally more observant than Jews in the South or West. Reflecting a trend that is also observed among other religious groups, Jews in the northwestern United States are usually the most disobedient tradition.
The American Jewish community has a higher-than-average household income, and is one of the best educated religious communities in the United States.
Islam
Islam is the third largest religion in the United States, after Christianity and Judaism, representing about 1% of the population by 2017. According to the American Religion Agency's Statistical Association published in March 2017, based on data from 2010, Muslims are the largest religious minority in 392 districts from 3143 districts in the country. Islam in America effectively begins with the arrival of African slaves. It is estimated that about 10% of African slaves transported to the United States are Muslims. Most, however, became Christian, and the United States did not have a significant Muslim population until the arrival of immigrants from Muslim regions of Arab and East Asia. According to some scholars, Islam then gained a higher profile through the Nation of Islam, a religious group that appealed to black Americans after the 1940s; the converts included Malcolm X and Muhammad Ali. The first Muslim elected in Congress was Keith Ellison in 2006, followed by AndrÃÆ'Â © Carson in 2008.
Research shows that Muslims in the United States are generally more assimilated and affluent than their counterparts in Europe. Like other subcultural and religious communities, the Islamic community has produced its own political organization and charitable organization.
BahÃÆ'¡'ÃÆ' Faith
The United States may have the second largest Bahá¡Â¡'á community in the world. The first mention of faith in the US is at the First World Religious Parliament, held at the Columbus Exhibition in Chicago in 1893. In 1894, Ibrahim George Kheiralla, a Syrian immigrant BahÃÆ'¡'ÃÆ', founded a community in the US. He then left the main group and established a rival movement. According to the Association of Statisticsians of American Religious Bodies, a bulletin published in March 2017, based on data from 2010, BahÃÆ'¡'ÃÆ's is the largest religious minority in 80 districts of 3143 districts in the country.
Rastafarianism
Rastafarians began migrating to the United States in the 1950s, 60s and 70s from the religious birthplace of the 1930s, Jamaica. Marcus Garvey, regarded as a prophet by many Rastafarians, became famous and cultivated many of his ideas in the United States.
Religion Dharma
Buddhism
Buddhism entered the US during the 19th century with the arrival of the first immigrants from East Asia. The first Buddhist temple was founded in San Francisco in 1853 by Americans of Chinese descent.
During the late 19th century Buddhist missionaries from Japan traveled to the US. During that same period of time, US intellectuals became interested in Buddhism.
The first prominent US citizen to openly convert to Buddhism was Henry Steel Olcott in 1880 who is still revered in Sri Lanka for this endeavor. An event that contributed to the strengthening of Buddhism in the US was the Parliament of World Religions in 1893, which was attended by many Buddhist delegates sent from India, China, Japan, Vietnam, Thailand and Sri Lanka.
The beginning of the 20th century was marked by the continuation of a trend that was rooted in the 19th century. The second half, on the contrary, sees the emergence of new approaches, and the Buddhist movement into the mainstream and makes itself a phenomenon of mass and social religion.
According to a study of 2017, Buddhists are about 1% of the American population. According to the Association of Religious Statistics Member States of America published in March 2017, based on data from 2010, Buddhists are the largest religious minority in 186 counties of 3143 counties in the country.
Hinduism
Hinduism is the fourth largest religion in the United States, representing about 1% of the population by 2017. The first time Hinduism entered the United States can not be clearly identified. However, large groups of Hindus have immigrated from India and other Asian countries since the enactment of the 1965 Immigration and Citizenship Act. During the 1960s and 1970s, Hinduism showed a fascination that contributed to the development of New Age thinking. During the same decade, the International Society for the Consciousness of Krishna (a reform organization Hindu Vaishnavite) was founded in the US.
In 2001, there were about 766,000 Hindus in the US, about 0.2% of the total population. According to the Association of Religious Statistics Member States of America published in March 2017, based on data from 2010, Hindus are the largest religious minority in 92 districts of 3143 counties in the country.
In 2004, the American Hindu Foundation - a national institution protecting the rights of the US Hindu community - was founded.
Hindu Americans have one of the highest levels of education and household income among all religious communities, and tend to have lower divorce rates.
Jainism
Jainists first arrived in the United States in the 20th century. The most significant time of Jain immigration was in the early 1970s. The United States has become the center of Jain Diaspora. The Jain Federation of Associations in North America is the umbrella organization of the local American and Canadian Jain churches to preserve, practice, and promote Jainism and Jain's way of life.
Sikhism
Sikhism is a religion originating in South Asia (especially in modern India) introduced to the United States when, around the turn of the 20th century, Sikhs began emigrating to the United States in significant numbers to work on farms in California. They are the first community to come from India to the US in large numbers. The first Sikh Gurdwara in America was built in Stockton, California, in 1912. In 2007, there were estimated between 250,000 and 500,000 Sikhs living in the United States, with the largest population living on the East and West Coast, with additional populations in Detroit, Chicago , and Austin.
The United States also has a number of non-Punjabis who turn to Sikhism.
East Asian Religion
Taoism
In 2004 there were about 56,000 Taoist priests in the US. Taoism was popularized worldwide through other Lao Tzu and Taoist writings and practices as well as the practice of Qigong, Tai Chi Chuan and other Chinese martial arts.
No religion
By 2017, about 24% of Americans say they are not affiliated with religion.
Agnosticism, atheism, and humanism
A 2001 survey directed by Dr. Ariela Keysar for City University of New York shows that, among more than 100 categories of responses, "no religious identification" has the greatest population increase in both absolute terms and percentages. This category includes atheists, agnostics, humanists, and others with no stated religious preference. That number rose from 14.3 million in 1990 to 34.2 million in 2008, representing an increase of 8% of the total population in 1990 to 15% in 2008. A National Pew Research study published in 2008 put the figure unaffiliated at 16.1%, while another Pew study published in 2012 is described as placing a proportion of about 20% overall and about 33% for demographics aged 18-29 years.
In a 2006 national poll, University of Minnesota researchers found that although acceptance of religious diversity is increasing, atheists are generally not trusted by other Americans, who trust them less than Muslims, new immigrants and other minorities in "share their vision of American society". They also associate atheists with unwanted attributes such as immorality, criminal behavior, rampant materialism and cultural elitism. However, the same study also reported that "The researchers also found acceptance or rejection of atheists not only related to personal religiosity, but also to one's exposure to diversity, education and political orientation - with more educated, East and West Coast Americans more receptive than atheists from their Midwestern counterparts. "Several surveys show that doubts about divine existence are growing rapidly among Americans under 30 years old.
On March 24, 2012, American atheists sponsored Rally Reasons in Washington, D.C., followed by the American Atheist Convention in Bethesda, Maryland. The organizers called the estimated crowd of the largest 8,000-10,000 US atheist encounters ever in one place.
Deism
In the United States, the Enlightenment Philosophy plays a leading role in creating the principle of freedom of religion, expressed in Thomas Jefferson's letters and included in the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. The Founding Fathers of America, or Framers of Constitution, are notable for being influenced by the philosophy of deism such as Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Cornelius Harnett, Gouverneur Morris, and Hugh Williamson. Their political speeches show different deistic effects. Other famous founders may be more direct deist. These include Thomas Paine, James Madison, perhaps Alexander Hamilton, and Ethan Allen.
Confidence in the existence of a god
Various polls have been conducted to determine Americans' actual beliefs about gods:
- In 2014, the Pew Center for Religious Landscape Study showed 63% of Americans believe in God and "absolutely sure" in their view, while the figure rises to 89% including those who are agnostic.
- The 2012 WIN-Gallup International poll shows that 5% of Americans consider themselves "convinced" atheists, which have increased fivefold from the last survey conducted in 2005, and 5% said they did not know or did not respond. A Pew Research Center 2012 survey found that doubts about the existence of gods have grown among younger Americans, with 68% telling Pew that they never doubted the existence of God, a decline of 15 points in five years. In 2007, 83% of the millennium of America said that they never doubted the existence of God.
- The Gallup 2011 poll found 92% of Americans say yes to the basic question "Do you believe in God?", while 7% say no and 1% have no opinion.
- A Gallup 2010 poll found 80% of Americans believe in god, 12% believe in universal spirit, 6% distrust, 1% choose "other", and 1% have no opinion. 80% is a decline from the 1940s, when Gallup first asked this question.
- The final online Harris 2009 online poll of 2,303 US adults (18 and older) found that "82% of adult Americans believe in God", the same number as in the previous two polls in 2005 and 2007. Another 9% said they did not believe in God, and 9% said they were not sure. Furthermore concluded, "The great majority also believe in miracles (76%), heaven (75%), that Jesus is God or Son of God (73%), in angels (72%), soul survival after death (71% , and in the resurrection of Jesus (70%) Fewer than half (45%) adults believe in Darwin's theory of evolution, but this is more than 40% who believe in creationism..... Many people consider themselves Christians without believe in some key beliefs of Christianity, but this is not true for reborn Christians. In addition to their religious beliefs, a large minority of adults, including many Christians, have "pagans" or pre- Christian beliefs such as trust in ghosts, astrology, witches and reincarnation.... Since the sample is based on those who agree to participate in the Harris Interactive panel, there is no approximate theoretical sampling error that can be counted. " A 2008 survey of 1,000 people concluded that, based on their stated beliefs rather than their religious identities, 69.5% of Americans believe in a personal God, about 12.3% of Americans are atheists or agnostics, and 12 , The other 1% are deistic (believe in a higher power/God is non-personal, but there is no personal God).
- Mark Chaves, a professor of sociology, religion, and divinity of Duke University, found that 92% of Americans believe in God in 2008, but significantly fewer Americans strongly believe in their religious leaders than a generation ago.
- According to the 2008 ARIS survey, belief in God varies greatly by region. The lowest rate in the West with 59% reported confidence in God, and the highest rate in the South was 86%.
Spiritual but not religious
"Spiritual but not religious" (SBNR) is a self-identified spirituality attitude that considers the problem with organized religion as the sole or the most valuable means of promoting spiritual growth. Spirituality places an emphasis on the "soul-body-spirit" welfare, so that holistic activities such as tai chi, reiki, and yoga are common in the SBNR movement. Unlike religion, spirituality is often associated with the inner life of the individual.
One fifth of the US public and one-third of adults under 30 are reported to be not affiliated with any religion, but they identify spiritually in some respects. Of these non-affiliated Americans, 37% classified themselves as spiritual but not religious.
More
Native American Religion
Native American religions have historically shown a great deal of diversity, and are often characterized by animism or panentheism. The membership of Native American religions in the 21st century consists of about 9,000 people.
Neopaganism
Neopaganism in the United States is represented by very different movements and organizations. The largest Neopagan religion is Wicca, followed by Neo-Druidism. Other neopagan movements include Germanic Neopaganism, Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism, Hellenic Polytheistic Reconstructionism, and Semitic neopaganism.
Druidry
According to the American Religious Identification Survey (ARIS), there are about 30,000 druids in the United States. Modern Druidism arrived in North America first in the form of the Druidic organization of the fraternity in the nineteenth century, and orders such as the Druid Order of the Ancient in America established as distinct American groups in early 1912. In 1963, the North American Reformed Druid (RDNA) was founded by students in Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota. They adopted the elements of Neopaganism into their practice, for example celebrating the Wheel of the Year festival.
Wicca
Wicca advanced in North America in the 1960s by Raymond Buckland, an expatriate Englishman who visited the Isle of Man Island for initiation. Universal Eclectic Wicca was popularized in 1969 for various memberships drawn from Dianic and British Traditional Wiccan backgrounds.
New Thought Movement
A group of churches that began in the 1830s in the United States were known under the banner of "New Thoughts". These churches share a spiritual, metaphysical and mystical tendency and understanding of the Bible and are strongly influenced by the Transcendentalist movement, especially the work of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Another antecedent of this movement is Swedenborgianism, which was founded in the writings of Emanuel Swedenborg in 1787. The concept of New Thought is named by Emma Curtis Hopkins ("teacher teacher") after Hopkins quits Mary Eddy's Church Mary Scientist. This movement was formerly known as Mental Sciences or Christian Science. The three main branches are Religion, Church Unity and Divine Sciences.
Unitarian Universalism
The Unitarian Universalis (UU) is one of the most liberal of all religious denominations in America. The credo divided includes beliefs in an inherent dignity, a general search for truth, respect for the beliefs of others, compassion, and social action. They are united by their joint search for spiritual growth and by the understanding that individual theology is the result of that quest and not the obedience to authoritarian requirements. The law has historical links to anti-war movements, civil rights and LGBT, and provides inclusive church services for a broad spectrum of liberal Christians, liberal Jews, secular humanitarians, LGBT, parents and Jewish-Christian partners, centered on Earth./Wicca, and Buddhist meditators.
A large religious movement founded in the United States
Christian
- Pentecostalism - a movement that emphasizes the role of the Holy Spirit, discovered its historical roots in the Azusa Street Awakening Street in Los Angeles from 1904 to 1906, triggered by Charles Parham. It is estimated to have more than 279 million followers worldwide, many in Africa and South America.
- Adventism - started as an inter-denominational movement. His most vocal leader was William Miller, who in the 1830s in New York became convinced of Jesus' coming Second Coming. The most prominent modern group that emerges from here is the Seventh-day Adventist.
- The Latter-day Saint movement was founded in 1830 by Joseph Smith in northern New York. Several Latter-day Saint denominations can be found throughout the United States. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), the largest denomination, is based in Salt Lake City, Utah, and has members in many countries. The Christ community, the second largest denomination, is based in Independence, Missouri. Worldwide they claim about 15 million members.
- Jehovah's Witnesses - from a religious movement known as Bible Students, founded in Pennsylvania in the late 1870s by Charles Taze Russell. In their early years, Bible Students were loosely connected with Advent, and Jehovah's Witnesses still had some similarities to it. They claim about 7.69 million active members worldwide.
- Christian Science - founded by Mary Baker Eddy at the end of the 19th century. The Church claims about 400,000 members worldwide.
- Churches of Christ/Disciples of Christ - a recovery movement without government agencies. The Restoration Movement was compressed as a historical phenomenon in 1832 when the restoration of the two great movements fought by Barton W. Stone and Alexander Campbell joined. It has about 3 million followers around the world.
- Metropolitan Community Church - founded by Troy Perry in Los Angeles, 1968.
- Unitarianism Developed from the Churches of the Congregation. In 1825, the American Unitarian Association was formed in Boston, MA.
- The first regional conference of the Universalist Church of America was founded in 1793.
More
The New Thought Movement - two early proponents of New Thought beliefs during the mid to late 19th century were Phineas Parkhurst Quimby and Mother of New Thought, Emma Curtis Hopkins. The three main branches are Religion, Church Unity and Divine Sciences.
Government position
The First Amendment guarantees both the free practice of religion and non-religious establishment by the federal government (later the court's decision has extended the ban to the states). The US Loyalty Pledge was modified in 1954 to add the phrase "under God", to distinguish itself from the state atheism embraced by the Soviet Union.
American presidents often state the importance of religion. On February 20, 1955, President Dwight D. Eisenhower stated that "The Most High Confession is the first and most basic expression of America." President Gerald Ford agreed and repeated this statement in 1974.
Statistics
See also: List of US states and territories by religiosity
The US census did not ask about religion. Groups have conducted surveys to determine the percentage estimates of those affiliated with each religious group.
2017 Public Religion Research Institute Data
2016 Gallup, Inc. data
2014 Pew Research Center data
Attendance
A 2013 survey reported that 31% of Americans attend religious services at least weekly. It was conducted by the Institute of Public Religion Research with a margin of error of 2.5.
In 2006, an online Harris Poll (they stated that the magnitude of error can not be estimated due to sampling error, non-response, etc..; 2,010 US adults surveyed) found that 26% of those surveyed attended religious services "every week or more often ", 9% go" once or twice a month ", 21% go" several times a year ", 3% go" once a year ", 22% go" less than once a year ", and 18% never attend religious services.
In a 2009 Gallup International survey, 41.6% of Americans say they attend church, synagogue, or mosque once a week or almost every week. This percentage is higher than other Western countries surveyed. Church attendance varies widely with states and territories. The numbers, updated to 2014, range from 51% in Utah to 17% in Vermont.
Territory
The following is the percentage of Christians in the US territory in 2010:
Religion and politics
In August 2010, 67% of Americans said religion lost influence, compared with 59% who said this in 2006. The majority of white evangelical Protestants (79%), Protestant white white lines (67%), black Protestants (56%), Catholics (71%), and non-believers (62%) all agree that religion loses influence on American life; 53% of the total public say this is a bad thing, while only 10% see it as a good thing.
Politicians often discuss their religion while campaigning, and fundamentalists and black Protestants are very politically active. However, in order to maintain their status as a tax-exempt organization, they should not officially support a candidate. Historically Catholics were very Democrats before the 1970s, while mainline Protestants consisted of the core of the Republican Party. The patterns have faded - Catholics, for example, are now split around 50-50. However, white evangelicals since the 1980s have formed a solid Republican group that loves conservative candidates. The secular voters are getting Democrats.
Only three presidential candidates for Catholic big parties, all for the Democrats: Alfred E. Smith in the 1928 presidential election was subjected to anti-Catholic rhetoric, which seriously hurt him in the Southern Baptist and Lutheran areas of the Midwest, but he did well in Catholic urban camps. from the Northeast.
Joe Biden is the first vice president of Catholicism.
Joe Lieberman was the first major Jewish presidential candidate, in the 2000 Gore-Lieberman campaign (though John Kerry and Barry Goldwater both had Jewish ancestors, they practiced Christianity). Bernie Sanders ran against Hillary Clinton in Democratic primary 2016. He was the first Jewish candidate to compete in the main process of the presidency. However, Sanders noted during the campaign that he was not actively practicing any religion.
In 2006 Keith Ellison of Minnesota became the first Muslim to be elected to Congress; when appointing his oath for photographs, he used a copy of the Qur'an that was once owned by Thomas Jefferson. Andrà © Carson is the second Muslim serving in Congress.
A Gallup poll released in 2007 showed that 53% of Americans would refuse to elect an atheist as president, up from 48% in 1987 and 1999. But then that number began to decline again and hit a record low 43% in 2012 and 40 % by 2015.
Mitt Romney, Republican presidential candidate in 2012, is Mormon and a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. He is a former governor of the state of Massachusetts, and his father George Romney is governor of the state of Michigan. Romney is involved in Mormonism in their country and in the state of Utah.
On January 3, 2013, Tulsi Gabbard became a member of the first Hindu Congress, using a copy of Bhagavad Gita on an oath.
ARDA 2010 data
The Religious Data Archive Association (ARDA) surveyed congregations for their membership. Churches are asked for their membership numbers. Adjustments are made to non-responding congregations and to religious groups who only report adult membership. The ARDA estimates that most non-responding churches are black Protestant congregations. Significant differences in results from other databases include lower representation of adherents 1) all types (62.7%), 2) Christian (59.9%), 3) Protestant (less than 36%); and more unaffiliated (37.3%).
ARIS findings on self-identification
The United States government does not collect religious data in its census. The survey below, the American Religious Identification Survey (ARIS) of 2008, is a telephone survey randomly scribbled with 54,461 American households in the United States adjacent. The sample size of 1990 is 113,723; The sample size for 2001 was 50,281.
The adult respondent was asked an open question, "What is your religion, if any?" The interviewer did not encourage or offer a list of potential suggested answers. The couple's religion or spouse is also asked. If the initial answer is "Protestant" or "Christian" questions are further asked to investigate a particular denomination. About a third of the samples were asked more detailed demographic questions.
Religious Identification of the U.S. Adult Population: 1990, 2001, 2008
Figures are not adjusted for rejection to reply; Researchers suspect rejection may be more representative of "non-religious" than other groups.
Highlights:
- The 2008 ARIS Survey was conducted during February-November 2008 and collected answers from 54,461 respondents who were questioned in English or Spanish.
- The American population identifies itself as a predominantly Christian, but Americans are slowly becoming less Christian.
- 86% of American adults were identified as Christians in 1990 and 76% in 2008.
- The church and mainstream denominations have experienced the steepest decline, while non-denominational Christian identities have increased upward, especially since 2001.
- The challenge for Christianity in the US is not from any other religion but from the rejection of all organized forms of religion.
- 34% of American adults consider themselves "Born Again or Evangelical Christians" in 2008.
- The US population continues to show signs of becoming less religious, with one out of every seven Americans failing to show religious identity in 2008.
- "Nones" (no religious, atheist, or agnostic preference) continued to grow, albeit at a much slower pace than in the 1990s, from 8.2% in 1990, to 14.1% in 2001, to 15.0% in 2008.
- Asian-Americans are substantially more likely to indicate no religious identity than any other racial or ethnic group.
- One sign of the lack of American attachment to religion is that 27% do not expect religious funerals at the time of their deaths.
- Based on the beliefs they claimed instead of their religious identification in 2008, 70% of Americans believe in a personal God, about 12% of Americans are atheists (agnostic) or agnostic (unknown or unsure), and the other 12% are deistic (higher strength but no personal God).
- American religious geography has changed since 1990. Religious transfers along with Hispanic immigration have significantly altered the religious profile of some states and territories. Between 1990 and 2008, the proportion of Catholic populations in the state of New England fell from 50% to 36% and in New York fell from 44% to 37%, while it rose in California from 29% to 37% and in Texas from 23% to 32%.
- Overall, the 1990-2008 ARIS series shows that changes in religious self-identification in the first decade of the 21st century have been moderate compared to the 1990s, which is a period of significant change in American religious composition. Country.
Ethnicity
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments