"The Story of a Hour" is a short story written by Kate Chopin on April 19, 1894. It was originally published on Vogue on December 6, 1894, as " One Hour Dream ". It was then reprinted at St. Louis Life on January 5, 1895, as "The Story of an Hour".
The short story title refers to the time elapsed between the moments in which the protagonist, Louise Mallard, hears that her husband is dead, and when she finds that she is still alive. "The Story of a Hour" was controversial by American standards in the 1890s because it featured a female protagonist who felt freed by the news of her husband's death. In Uncovering Kate Chopin , Emily Toth argues that Chopin "must have her heroine dead" to make the news publicable. "(" Hero "died when she saw her husband live after she thought dead.)
Video The Story of an Hour
Summary
"The Story of a Hour" reveals every emotion Louise Mallard felt after he found out about her husband's death. The first sentence of the story states, "Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was suffering from heart disease, great attention was taken to slaughter him as softly as possible the news of her husband's death". When the news was broken to him as sadly as possible, Mrs. Mallard began to cry uncontrollably into the arms of her sister, Josephine. Mrs. Mallard was deeply saddened by her husband's death report, but when her sadness subsided, she went to her room alone. He sits in an armchair facing the window and looks out over nature. Suddenly, as she looked out the window, a feeling came to her. The feeling that he keeps trying to push back, but he can not do it. It is a feeling of freedom. He knows that when his funeral time comes and he sees him with his arms folded across his chest, he will feel sad again. But when she sees the future in her future without her husband, she feels enlightened. Mrs. Mallard continued to whisper to herself, "Free! Body and soul free!" and when Josephine listened to her sister from the other side of the door, she became very worried and told Mrs. Mallard to open the door or she would make herself sick. Josephine could not hear what his brother was saying in his room, but as Joseph Rosenblum put it in his article, "'One Hour Story' by Kate Chopin", "Josephine... would be surprised if he knew what thoughts were going through the minds of his sister. "
After a few minutes, Ny. Mallard got up from his chair and opened the door for Josephine and they both came down together. Upon arrival at the bottom of the stairs, Mrs. Mallard's front door opened and opened. It's Mrs. husband. Mallard, Brently Mallard, who is alive and well. Surprised, Josephine screamed and tried to hide the scene from Louise, but it was too late. Mrs. Mallard was shocked to see that she was weak and weak in that moment. "When the doctors came they said he had died of heart disease - the killing excitement". The cynicism of this sentence can be detected almost instantaneously, and as ThoughtCo explains, "It seems clear that his surprise was not the joy of his husband's survival, but more depressed at the loss of his newfound freedom.She had a brief joy - the joy of imagining himself in control of his life and it is the exclusion of the intense joy that caused his death. "To further express the meaning of this" joy ", Selina S. Jamil explains in the article," Emotions in a Hour Story ","... "joy" that kills Louise is a joy that [the doctor considers as happy to know that Brently is not really dead] he refuses to give up, because the patriarchy will require him to perform on the return of Brently. But, for an hour of climax in his life, Louise really feels the joy. hours of emotion, Louise did understand the meaning and fulfillment his life, then, is to engage in high consciousness, to observe and connect with the world around oneself. "It helps to show how strong emotions Louise feels.For an hour, Louise has a sense of freedom and is very excited to start her new life, but it's stripped of her too fast and her heart is unable to withstand the shock she feels about seeing her husband live.
To this day, "The Story of a Hour" is one of Kate Chopin's most popular works. Although, it is generally wondering why Mrs. Mallard would be relieved by the news of her husband's death. This may seem like an unsettling thought, but as Wikipedia explains, "That is the correlation for both the time period and the way a man accepts women in the 1800s.The thought of a woman who can survive without a man is a distant thought, among many civilians of the time.People are often trapped at home while husbands go to work.The thought between women at the time that the death of their husbands would bring them "freedom" and therefore Kate Chopin, "The Story Jam," resonated with many women at the time that, but not so popular with men. " It helps the reader to see that Mrs. Mallard may feel trapped and exploited by his marriage. Which brings us to another important element that this short story discloses; marriage is not always as it looks. When most people think about the day they are getting married, they think how happy their lives have been since then. However, that's not always the case, and "The Story of an Hour" just goes to show it. Louise Mallard sometimes feels love for her husband, but she feels like her newfound freedom from her is a fun thing and once in her life she feels full of hope for her future.
Maps The Story of an Hour
Analysis
The heroine character of Kate Chopin's "The Story of an Hour", Louise Mallard, is known to suffer from weakness. After the death of her husband, Ny. Mallard could not dispel the free thought of her husband. The word "free" begins to haunt his mind, free from oppression. Daniel P. Deneau mentions the ongoing debate about Mrs Mallard's personality. "Is Louise a normal, understandable, sympathetic woman, or is she a selfish, selfish, or anomalous?" What is understood is Mrs. Mallard's reaction to her husband's death allows the reader to see his selfish side. After being freed from her husband's grip, she begins to find a connection with the world. A normal woman will fall into grief and cry in sorrow; However, Ny's reaction. Mallard against her husband is a passionate reaction that causes the audience to question his personality. Unreasonable reaction Ny. Mallard caused readers to question his emotions about the death of her husband. Throughout "The Story of a Hour", the constant conversation on freedom has left the reader confused as to whether his heart condition has anything to do with his reaction. Selina S. Jamil cries out to his audience that, "Mallard's pain is not a physical illness... as a sign of a woman who has unconsciously surrendered her heart (that is, her identity as an individual) to a culture of paternalism. "where he went through a stage where he seemed" optimistic "toward life, and then, the outcome, Madam Mallard's weak heart, which was supposed to be weak, and his fear soon turned into an uncontrollable joy to begin.Chopin's interpretation of Louise Mallard is not the same as mostly women at all. "When her body responds to her emotions, she feels a rhythmic connection to the physical world" (Jamil), by repeating words like "free" in her head have shown that her emotions towards losing her husband have enhanced her relationship with the world.
Kate Chopin "The Hour Story" presents a hero as a heartless person who is not afraid of her husband's death, but is filled with joy and joy. Nicole Diederich questioned "focus on the pose-ending challenge to the reader" (Diederich 117) about how the audience sees his death. Her husband's death is another way to escape from marriage she is tied to while her death also escapes another that is revealed at the end of a short story. Heidi Podlasti-Labrenz also supports that Mrs. Mallard was under the influence of Brently by stating, "... the strength of character and willpower which seems to be largely controlled and absorbed by Brent Mallard is good but strong dominance" and claims that his actions because of this "crazy" Man are only a reaction after being freed from wedding. Mrs Mallard, as a character, shows that she is conscious of her actions through Brence's arrival. "But, for an hour of climax in his life, Louise really felt the joy," (Jamil) that happened to cause her weak heart to collapse. Louise Mallard's personality in "The Story of a Hour" is understood to illustrate the unplanned picture of what should be a wife. His actions were to "illustrate the dangers of making assumptions" (Mayer) and the result, his weak heart had taken his life. Her sister regards her behavior as a disease. Josephine did not think that her sister's actions were to adjust her personality, but to think that Louise's reaction was that she achieved existentialism. It was not his mind that went mad, but Louise "attained existentialism" was finally realizing his time and place as this newly awakened creature. When the mind is free in mind and soul, existentialism, that's when it begins to act as if it is not normal.
The article "Weddings and One Hour Stories" shows that Chopin's short story shows that marriage is not always what it seems, and that the journey to freedom can be dangerous. Chopin shows his readers that the love of a single partner in marriage is not an indication of reciprocal relationship. In the story, Louise says that she loves her husband sometimes, and in the article shows that perhaps her husband is cruel; so even though she does love him, she also loves her prospective freedom.
The open window where Ny. Mallard looked at most of the stories as a sign of freedom and opportunity waiting for him through his new independence. "He heard people and birds singing and kissing the coming rainstorms, everything he experienced through his senses showed joy and spring - new life." Mrs. Mallard could look into the distance and see nothing but a bright and sunny future ahead of her.
Critical response
Bert Bender offers the reading of text biographies and argues that the writing of the 1890s was influenced by Charles Darwin's theory of sexual selection. Chopin's understanding of the meaning of love and courtship, in particular, was changed and became more pessimistic. This attitude finds his expression in "The Story of an Hour" when Mrs. Mallard questions the meaning of love and ultimately rejects it as meaningless.
Lawrence I. Berkove notes that there has been a "virtual critical agreement" that the story is about the liberation of women from repressive marriages. However, he opposes this reading and argues that there is "a deeper level of irony in the story". The story, according to Berkove, depicts Ny. Mallard as "immature person" and "victim of extreme self-declaration". He also challenged the idea that Chopin intended to view the main character of the story to coincide with those of the author. Xuding Wang criticized Berkove's interpretation.
In his article, "The Emotions in 'The Story of An Hour'", Selina Jamil argues that Chopin describes Ny's perception. Mallard about her husband's death is thought to be fueled by emotion, not by rationality. Jamil claims that until then, life Ny. Mallard had been so emotionless he even wondered if it was worth living. Emotional suppression may represent her husband. Mallard was repressive, who, until then, "strangled" and "silenced" his wishes. Therefore, his new freedom is caused by the inclusion of emotion (representing the death of her repressive husband) which adds meaning and value to his life. Although Mrs. Mallard initially felt scared when she heard about her husband's death, her emotional strength was so strong that Mrs. Mallard really feels the joy (because he feels). Because this "killing excitement" eventually leads to the death of Ny. Mallard, one possible interpretation is that the suppression of Ny Mall's feelings was the one that eventually killed him.
In the same article, Jamil shows the repression made by Ny. Mallard as a wife. She realized after the death of her real husband that she was "free, free, free". It shows how his life will change and that he is now a new person and removed from the depressed life he faced earlier. There is no evidence given in the story of how he was suppressed, but his reaction to his death and his new beliefs and freedoms was sufficient. The oppression of himself, which he has handled, has now been removed, allowing him to be free.
In the 2013 article, Jeremy Foote argues that "The Story of a Hour" can be read as comments and warnings about technology - especially rail and telegraph. The train, he says, might be the cause of the distance between Mallards (and many other couples at the time). This allows for work and home to be very far from each other, and eliminates the opportunity for couples to spend time together. Foote argues that the reason why Louise Mallard wants more autonomy is because she and her husband do not spend time together. The time alone Louise owned in the house made her less close to her husband, and made her want her independence.
The way telegraphs are used in stories can be seen as a warning about a world in which information (and people) move too fast. Instead of having enough time to think and process the death of her husband, it was presented to Mrs. Mallard, as a whole, followed in a few minutes by the shock of seeing her alive. As the title suggests, this is the story of the importance of time. It may not be so much happening because of the speed at which they were so devastating to Mrs. Mallard.
Character
Louise Mallard is a married young woman, who feels limited in her home and marriage. Ellen Harrington stated, "It is not as if her husband is cruel or abusive, but she is caught in a relationship that limits her freedom as an individual." She finds out that her husband has died and she feels liberated; but soon after, her husband walked through the door, unharmed and alive, and killed his wife with a shock too heavy for his heart. Lawrence Berkove argues: "When we look at Mrs. Mallard's character, we can reckon that, when she is happy her husband has died, she is not involved in a loveless marriage, nor is she abused or oppressed by her husband." In fact, Chopin states in his story, She loves her, sometimes. "
Mrs. Mallard did not want to be sick with her husband and even sad when she first heard the news. However, after thinking about it, he decided that this was a good thing. She was free to live her own life again and decided she was happy her husband had died. This gives us a glimpse into the dark side of his personality. Is this a mere expression of freedom, or is he eager to be free of the man he believes to have held him? The story is not clear about the topic. Mahmoud Sabbaugh stated, "It is more or less for the reader to decide whether Louise Mallard is a feminist champion, or a monster who wishes death over her husband."
Wedding effects
Throughout the story of Mrs. Mallard indirectly proved to feel trapped in her marriage. She was delighted when news of her husband's alleged death was brought to her attention and this showed the readers how her true feelings about her marriage were. This shows that married women feel trapped and they are less happy than married men. Mrs. Mallard spends a lot of time thinking about how her life is now because her "husband is missing" and this raises the question of how happy she really is. can allow the reader to see deeper behind his actions after the death of her husband.
In "The Story of a Hour" by Kate Chopin, there are many different themes that can be discussed. Marriage and self-affirmation play a big part in this short story. At first the reader knows that her husband Mallard has died "... great attention is taken to break it as gently as possible the news of her husband's death". At first, Mrs. Mallard seemed sad to lose her husband. She went to her room alone to grieve "... pressed by physical fatigue that haunts her body and seems to reach her soul." The reader begins to assume at this point that Mrs. Mallard was exhausted by his marriage, not because he knew that her husband had died. While Mrs. Mallard grieved alone in his room, he stared out the window and saw "... the new spring life, the delicious breath of rain in the air." He began to notice the beginning of a new spring in the air, and he realized that he had something similar to this new spring. As she sits in her chair and ponders her feelings, the feeling finally comes to her "... free, free, free!" Before these words left her mouth, she cried for only a few minutes and then realized that she was just crying because of the words she was now saying. These words now leave the reader with the conviction that Mrs. Mallard is unhappy with her marriage and as Mavis Chia-Chieh has said that "The text shows that Louise's life is severely restricted by her imprisonment in the country and also shows that she must be secretive, his life. "As the reader continues this short story, Chopin writes," But he sees beyond the bitter moments of the long procession of the years to come that will be his own, and he opens and spreads his arms to welcome them. " While the reader is never told whether Mrs. Mallard is really unhappy in his marriage, the reader can only begin to conclude when reading those sentences Mrs. Mallard is unhappy and will eventually be free of the marriage that only imprisoned her.
Another thing to look at and which can be closely related to the unhappy marriage discussed above is how Mrs. Mallard began to find his individuality in a short time to find out about the death of her husband. This is mentioned in the article Emotions in the Story of the Hour "... emotions connect the soul to the body." As his body responds to his emotions, he feels a rhythmic connection to the physical world. " (Jamil) The reader can see in the text how Mrs.'s emotions Mallard connected to his body. Chopin writes, "Her heartbeat pounded, and blood spilled up and relaxed every inch of her body." As if the reader can feel Mrs. Mallard relaxed knowing that his individuality and freedom from his marriage was finally in his grasp. As mentioned earlier, Ny. Mallard repeated the free word repeatedly. It plays an important role in the freedom of seeking in his marriage but also freedom for himself. Towards the end of the story, Chopin writes "Free! Body and soul free!" At this point, Ny's sister. Mallard at her door was worried that she was making herself up to her. Mallard insisted that he did not make him sick. Instead, Mrs. Mallard is "... drinking in a living potion through an open window." This line may determine that Ny. Mallard finally found his independence and breathed his newfound freedom.
Earlier it was mentioned that nothing in this story defines that Mrs. Mallard has a difficult marriage. The reader only comes to this conclusion based on what is said and described in the story. In a research article entitled Fatal Self-Assertion at Kate Chopin's The Story of a Hour, Berkove states that this story is just about Louise Mallard. Berkove impose what the reader should be able to determine from reading this short story, that it has never been defined that Ny. Mallard is really unhappy in his marriage or in his life in society. Readers watch the struggle Ny. Mallard noticed that her husband had died and found self-assertion in a short time. However, at the end of the story, the reader knows that Brently Mallard is not dead and Mrs. Mallard is not a widow. Suddenly, Mrs. Mallard screamed, and the reader learned that she had died "... heart disease - the killing excitement." Readers wondered about the excitement that killed Mrs. Mallard, whether she was glad her husband was still alive or frightened that she felt free and actually not free because her husband was standing in front of her.. As mentioned in the Emotion article in the Hour Story, readers can assume that the death of Ny. Mallard is "... the sign of a woman who has unwittingly surrendered her heart (ie, her identity as an individual) to paternalism" (Jamil). The reader is never told why he died, but it can only be assumed that he died for giving his heart to life as an individual and finding his own happiness as a widow.
Movie adaptation
In 1984, director Tina Rathbone released the film adaptation of the story titled The Joy That Kills . The film is based on the story of Kate Chopin, "The Story of an Hour". Frances Conroy also has a heart condition, as did Lousie Mallard. This production is mostly related to the psychological state.
References
External links
- The Story of a Hour public domain audiobook on LibriVox
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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