New York (state)

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New York is a state in the northeastern United States. New York is one of the original thirteen colonies that make up the United States. With an estimated 19.85 million people by 2017, it is the fourth most populated country. To distinguish from a city of the same name, sometimes called New York State .

As the most populous city in the state, New York City has over 40% of the state's population. Two-thirds of the country's population lives in the New York metropolitan area, and nearly 40% live on Long Island. The country and city are both named for the Duke of York of the 17th century, the future King James II of England. With an estimated population of 8.55 million by 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States and a major gateway for legal immigration to the United States. The New York metropolitan area is one of the most densely populated in the world. New York City is a global city, home to UN Headquarters and has been described as the world's cultural capital, finance and media, and the most economically powerful city in the world. The four most populous cities in the states are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany.

New York has a diverse geography. The country is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east. The state has maritime borders with Rhode Island, east of Long Island, as well as international borders with Canadian provinces of Quebec to the north and Ontario to the northwest. The southern part of the state is in the Atlantic Coastal Plain and includes Long Island and some associated smaller islands, as well as the lower New York City and Hudson River Basin. The great Upstate New York region consists of some of the wider ranges of the Appalachians, and the Adirondack Mountains in the northeastern part of the state. Two major river valleys - the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Basin - divide these two mountainous regions. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and borders Lake Ontario, Lake Erie, and Niagara Falls. The central part of the country is dominated by the Finger Lakes, a popular holiday and holiday destination.

New York is inhabited by Native American tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian descent for several hundred years when the earliest Europeans came to New York. The French invaders and Jesuit missionaries arrived south from Montreal to trade and preach. In 1609, the area was visited by Henry Hudson who sailed for the Dutch East Indies Company. The Dutch built Fort Nassau in 1614 at the confluence of the Hudson and Mohawk rivers, where the capital of Albany is currently developed. The Dutch also soon founded New Amsterdam and part of the Hudson Valley, established the New Netherland multicultural colony, the center of commerce and immigration. The British captured the colonies of the Netherlands in 1664. During the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), a group of colonists from the New York Province sought to dominate the British colonies and eventually succeeded in establishing independence.

Many of New York's famous landmarks, including four of the top ten most visited places in the world by 2013: Times Square, Central Park, Niagara Falls (along with Ontario), and Grand Central Terminal. New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, the symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunities. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a global node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance, and environmental sustainability. The New York Higher Education Network consists of about 200 colleges and universities, including Columbia University, Cornell University, New York University, the United States Military Academy, and Rockefeller University, which has ranked 35th in the world.

Video New York (state)

History

Native American History

The tribes in what is now New York are dominated by Iroquois and Algonquin. The Long Island is roughly halfway between Wampanoag and Lenape. The Lenape also controlled most of the area around New York Harbor. North Lenape is the third Algonquin nation, the people of Mohan. Starting from the north, from east to west, there are three Iroquoian states: Mohawk, Iroquois native and Petun. In the south, divided approximately along Appalachia, are Susquehannock and Erie.

Many Wampanoag and Mohican people were arrested in the War of King Philip, a joint effort of many New England tribesmen to encourage Europeans out of their land. After the death of their leader, Chief Philip Metacomet, most of the men fled into the interior, splitting into Abenaki and Schaghticoke. Many Mohicans remained in the region until the 1800s, however, a small group known as Ouabano migrated southwest southwest of Virginia at an earlier time. They may join Shawnee.

Mohawk and Susquehannock are the most militarized. Trying to corner trade with Europeans, they are targeting other tribes. Mohawk is also known for rejecting white settlements on their land and expelling those who convert to Christianity. They pose a great threat to Abenaki and Mohicans, while Susquehannock briefly conquered Lenape in the 1600s. The most devastating event of the century, however, was the Beaver War. From about 1640-1680, the Iroquoian community conducted an extended campaign from modern-day Michigan to Virginia against the Algonquin and Siouan tribes, as well as one another. The goal is to control more land for animal traps, the most widely practiced career of indigenous people in the hope of trading with whites first. Not only did this really change the ethnography of the region, most of the big games were hunted before the whites completely explored the land. However, after that, the Iroquois Confederation offered refuge to the refugees of the Mascouten countries, Erie, Chonnonton, Tutelo, Saponi and Tuscarora. In the 1700s, they would also join Mohawk during the Franco-Indian War and take the rest of Susquehannock from Pennsylvania after they were destroyed in the war. Most of these other groups combine until they are gone. Later, after the Revolution, a large group of them split up and returned to Ohio, known as the Seneca Mingo. The six tribes of the current Confederate Iroquois are Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, Tuscarora and Mohawk. When Iroquois sided with Britain during the Revolution, they soon after migrated to Canada.

Meanwhile, Lenape had a close relationship with William Penn. However, after Penn's death, his son managed to take over most of their land and throw it into Ohio. When the US made the Indian Elimination Act, Lenape was moved further to Missouri, while their cousin, the Mohan men, were sent to Wisconsin.

Also, in 1778, the United States relocated Nanticoke from the Delmarva Peninsula to the former Iroquois land south of Lake Ontario, though they did not stay long. For the most part, they chose to migrate to Canada and join Iroquois, although some moved west and joined Lenape.

16th century

In 1524, Giovanni da Verrazzano, an Italian explorer serving the French dynasty, explored the Atlantic coast of North America between Carolinas and Newfoundland, including New York Harbor and Narragansett Bay. On April 17, 1524, Verrazzano entered New York Bay, through the strait now called Narrows to the north bay which he named Santa Margherita, in honor of the French King's sister. Verrazzano describes it as "a vast coastline with deep deltas where every kind of ship can pass" and he adds: "that it extends into the interior for leagues and is open to form a beautiful lake.The vast sheet of water is filled with natives. boat ". He landed at the end of Manhattan and probably at the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazzano's stay was distracted by the storm that pushed him north toward Martha's Vineyard.

In 1540, French merchants from New France built the chateau on Castle Island, in present-day Albany; it was abandoned the following year due to flooding. In 1614, the Dutch, under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, which they called the Fort Nassau. Fort Nassau is the first Dutch settlement in North America, and is located along the Hudson River, also in Albany today. The small fortress serves as a trading and warehouse post. Located on the flood plain of the Hudson River, the imperfect "fortress" was washed away by floods in 1617, and abandoned forever after Fort Orange (New Netherland) was built nearby in 1623.

the 17th century

The voyage of Henry Hudson in 1609 marked the beginning of European involvement with the region. Sailing for the Dutch East India Company and seeking a path to Asia, he entered Upper New York Bay on September 11 that year. The words of his findings prompted Dutch traders to explore the coast to seek fruitful trade feathers with local Native American tribes.

During the 17th century, the Dutch trading post established for the feather trade of Lenape, Iroquois, and other tribes was established in the New Dutch colony. The first of these trading posts is Fort Nassau (1614, near the current Albany); Fort Orange (1624, on the Hudson River just south of the city of Albany today and made to replace Fort Nassau), evolved into the Beverwijck settlement (1647), and became what became Albany; Amsterdam (1625, to develop into New York City's New Amsterdam City); and Esopus, (1653, now Kingston). The success of the Rensselaerswyck patroonship (1630), which surrounded Albany and lasted until the mid-19th century, was also a key factor in the early success of the colony. England captured the colony during the Second Anglo-Dutch War and ruled it as New York Province. The city of New York was recaptured by the Dutch in 1673 during the Third Anglo-Dutch War (1672-1674) and renamed the New Orange. It was returned to English under the terms of the Westminster Agreement a year later.

18th_century.2C_the_American_Revolution.2C_and_statehood "> 18th century, American Revolution, and state status

The Sons of Liberty was held in New York City during the 1760s, largely in response to the oppressive Stamp Act which was passed by the British Parliament in 1765. The Stamps Congress Meets in the city on October 19 of that year, consisting of representatives of the entire Thirteen Colonies that set the stage for the Continental Congress to follow suit. The Stamp Act Congress produced the Declaration of Rights and Complaints, which was the first written statement by an American representative of many rights and grievances that were later expressed in the United States Declaration of Independence. This includes the right to government representation. At the same time, giving strong commercial, personal, and sentimental links to the UK, many New Yorkers are Loyalists. The Capture of Fort Ticonderoga provided the guns and gunpowder necessary to force the British withdrawal from the Siege of Boston in 1775.

New York is the only colony that does not vote for independence, because delegates are not authorized to do so. New York later ratified the Declaration of Independence on July 9, 1776. The New York State Constitution was framed by a convention assembled at White Plains on 10 July 1776, and after repeated delays and location changes, ended its work in Kingston on Sunday night, April 20 1777, when the new constitution drafted by John Jay was adopted with but one different vote. It is not left to the person for ratification. On July 30, 1777, George Clinton was inaugurated as New York's first governor in Kingston.

About a third of the American Revolutionary War battles took place in New York; the first major battle after US independence was declared - and the greatest battle of all wars - fought in New York at the Battle of Long Island (aka Battle of Brooklyn) in August 1776. After their victory, the British occupied New York City, their military and political bases in North America during the conflict, and consequently the focus of George Washington's intelligence network. On the famous British prison ships in Wallabout Bay, more American combatants have died from deliberate neglect than those killed in combat in each combined battle of war. Both sides who fought lost more soldiers because of illness than to direct injuries. The first of the two main armies of England was captured by the Continental Army at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777, a success which influenced France to ally with the revolutionaries. The state constitution was enacted in 1777. New York became the 11th state to ratify the American Constitution of the State, on July 26, 1788.

In an effort to defend their sovereignty and remain an independent state positioned between the new United States and Great Britain North America, four of the Iroquois States fought on the British side; only Oneida and their dependents, Tuscarora, allied with America. In retaliation for an attack on the border led by Joseph Brant and Loyalist Mohawk troops, the 1779 Sullivan Expedition destroyed nearly 50 Iroquois villages, farmlands and adjacent winter shops, forcing many refugees into British-controlled Niagara.

As British allies, Iroquois was forced out of New York, even though they were not yet part of the deal negotiations. They resettled in Canada after the war and were given the land by the Crown. Under the treaty agreement, Britain surrendered most of India's land to the new United States. Because New York made an agreement with Iroquois without the approval of Congress, some land purchases have been subject to land claim claims since the late 20th century by federally recognized tribes. New York installed over 5 million hectares (20,000 km ² ) from the former Iroquois region for sale in the years after the Revolutionary War, leading to rapid development in upstate New York. According to the Treaty of Paris, the last remnants of British authority in the former Thirteen Colonies - their troops in New York City - departed in 1783, long later celebrated as the Day of Evacuation.

New York City is the national capital under the Budget of Confederation and Eternal Unity, the first government. The organization was found to be insufficient, and the prominent New Yorker Alexander Hamilton advocated a new government that would include the executive, national, and tax authorities. Hamilton led the Annapolis Convention (1786) calling for the Philadelphia Convention, which drew up the United States Constitution, where it also took part. The new government is a strong federal national government to replace a relatively weaker confederation of each country. After a heated debate, which includes the publication of current constitutional interpretations - The Federalist Papers - as a series of installments in New York City newspapers, New York is the 11th state to ratify the United States Constitution. , on July 26, 1788. New York remained the national capital under the new constitution until 1790, and was the site of the inauguration of President George Washington, the drafting of the United States Bill of Rights, and the first session of the United States. Supreme Court. Hamilton's revival of the highly indebted United States economy after the war and the establishment of a national bank significantly contributed to New York City becoming the new state finance hub.

Both the Dutch and the British imported African slaves as laborers to cities and colonies; New York has the second highest slave population after Charleston, South Carolina. Slavery is very widespread in New York City and some agricultural areas. The state passed a law for the gradual abolition of slavery immediately after the Revolutionary War, but the last slave in New York was not released until 1827.

19th century

Transportation in western New York by expensive carriages on muddy roads before the canal opens rich farmland for long-distance traffic. The Governor of DeWitt Clinton promotes the Erie Canal connecting New York City to the Great Lakes, the Hudson River, the new canals, rivers, and lakes. The work began in 1817, and the Erie Canal was opened in 1825. The package boats drawn by horses in the runways walked slowly over the canals carrying passengers and freight. Agricultural products come from the Midwest, and finished manufactured move to the west. It was a technical marvel that opened up the vast area of ​​New York for commerce and settlement. This allows the Great Lakes port city like Buffalo and Rochester to grow and prosper. It also connects growing agricultural production in the Midwest and shipping on the Great Lakes, with the port of New York City. Improving transport, it allows additional migration of population to western New York. After 1850, the railway line replaced the canal.

New York City is a great seaport and has a vast traffic of importing cotton from the South and exporting manufactured goods. Almost half of the country's exports are related to cotton. Southern cotton factories, planters and bankers often visit so they have favorite hotels. At the same time, the activism for abolitionism is a strong northern state, where some communities provide stops on the Underground Railroad. Upstate, and New York City, providing strong support for the American Civil War In terms of finance, volunteer army, and supply. The state provides more than 370,000 troops to Union forces. More than 53,000 New Yorkers died in ministry, roughly one out of every seven serving. However, the Irish draft riot in 1862 was a very shameful thing.

Immigration

Since the beginning of the 19th century, New York City has become the largest port of entry for legal immigration to the United States. In the United States, the federal government did not consider direct jurisdiction for immigration until 1890. Prior to this time, the matter was delegated to individual states, then through contracts between states and the federal government. Most immigrants to New York will descend on a crowded pier along the Hudson and East Rivers, in Lower Manhattan late. On May 4, 1847, the New York State Legislature created the Immigration Board of Commissioners to regulate immigration.

The first permanent immigration depot in New York was founded in 1855 at Castle Garden, a converted 1812 war fortress located within what is now Battery Park, at the lower end of Manhattan. The first immigrants who arrived at the new depot boarded three ships that had just been released from quarantine. Puri Garden served as a New York immigrant depot until it closed on April 18, 1890, when the federal government took over the control of immigration. During that period, more than 8 million immigrants passed through its doors (two out of every three US immigrants).

When the federal government took over the reins, he set up the Immigration Bureau, which chose Ellis Island three acres in Upper New York Harbor for an income depot. Already federally controlled, the island serves as an ammunition depot. It was chosen because of its relative isolation with its proximity to New York City and Jersey City railroads, New Jersey, via a short ferry ride. While the island is being developed and expanded through land reclamation, the federal government operates a temporary depot at Barge's Office on Batteries.

Ellis Island opened on 1 January 1892, and operated as a central immigration center until the National Act of Origin was passed in 1924, reducing immigration. After that date, the only immigrants to pass are abandoned or war refugees. The island halted all immigration proceedings on November 12, 1954, when the last person detained on the island, Norwegian sailor Arne Peterssen, was released. He has overstayed off the beach and left on the 10:15 ferry. Morna-bound to return to his ship.

More than 12 million immigrants passed through Ellis Island between 1892 and 1954. More than 100 million Americans across the United States can trace their ancestors to these immigrants.

Ellis Island is the subject of contentious disputes and jurisdiction between New York State and New Jersey, as both claim it. This issue was resolved in 1998 by the US Supreme Court which ruled that the original 3.3-hectare island (1.3Ã, ha) is New York State territory and that the balance of 27.5 hectares (11 ha) added after 1834 by TPA is in New York. Jersey. The island was added to the National Park Service system in May 1965 by President Lyndon B. Johnson and still owned by the Federal government as part of the Statue of the Liberty National Monument. Ellis Island opened to the public as an immigration museum in 1990.

The September 11, 2001 attacks

On September 11, 2001, two of the four hijacked planes were flown to Twin Towers from the original World Trade Center in Lower Manhattan, and the towers collapsed. 7 World Trade Center also collapsed due to fire damage. Other buildings of the World Trade Center complex were damaged and repaired shortly thereafter. The collapse of the Twin Towers caused extensive damage and resulted in the deaths of 2,753 victims, including 147 in both planes. Since September 11, most of Manhattan has been restored. In the years since, many rescue workers and residents in the area have developed several life-threatening diseases, and some have died.

A memorial on the site, the September 11 National Memorial & amp; Museum, opened to the public on September 11, 2011. A permanent museum is then opened on site on 21 March 2014. Upon completion in 2014, the new One World Trade Center becomes the highest skyscraper in the Western Hemisphere, at 1,776 feet (541 m). Other skyscrapers are being built on site.

Hurricane Sandy, 2012

On 29 and 30 October 2012, Hurricane Sandy caused widespread destruction of the state coastline, struck parts of New York City and Long Island with high storm surges, with massive floods and strong winds causing power outages for hundreds of thousands of New Yorkers. , and lead to scarcity of gasoline and disruption of mass transit systems. The storm and its profound impact have prompted discussions about building sea walls and other coastal obstacles around the shorelines of New York City and Long Island to minimize risks from other events in the future. This is considered very likely due to global warming and rising sea levels.

Maps New York (state)

Geography

New York covers 54,555 sq miles (141,300 km ² ) and is ranked 27th largest country by size. The highest altitude in New York is Mount Marcy in the Adirondacks, at 5,344 feet (1,629 meters) above sea level; while the lowest point of the country is at sea level, in the Atlantic Ocean.

Unlike the landscape of New York City, most of the country's geographical region is dominated by grasslands, forests, rivers, farms, mountains, and lakes. Much of the southern part of the country is located in Allegheny Plateau, which runs from the southeastern United States to the Catskill Mountains; part of New York State known as the Southern Tier. The rugged Adirondack Mountains, with a vast expanse of wilderness, lies to the west of Lake Champlain Valley. The Great Appalachian Valley dominates eastern New York and contains the Lake Champlain Valley as the northern and Hudson Valley as its southern part within the state. The Tug Hill area appears as east east of Lake Ontario.

The northern and bottom are often used informally to distinguish New York City or its larger metropolitan area from other New York states. The placement of the boundary between the two is a matter of great disagreement. Unofficial and loose areas of Upstate New York include the Southern Tier, which often includes counties along the border with Pennsylvania, and the North Country, which can mean anything from a strip along the Canadian-US border to everything north of the Mohawk River.

New York contains part of the Marcellus shale, which extends to Ohio and Pennsylvania.

Water

Border

Of the total New York State region, 13.6% consists of water. Many New York borders are in the water, as is the case in New York City: four of the five territories are located on three islands at the mouth of the Hudson River: Manhattan Island; Staten Island; and Long Island, which contains Brooklyn and Queens at its western end. The country's borders include the waterline in (clockwise from the west) two Great Lakes (Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, which are connected by the Niagara River); the provinces of Ontario and Quebec in Canada, with New York and Ontario sharing the Thousand Islands archipelago within the Saint Lawrence River, while most of its borders with Quebec are on land; he shared Lake Champlain with the state of New England in Vermont; the state of New England in Massachusetts mostly has a land border, while Connecticut has land and sea borders; New York extends to Long Island Sound and the Atlantic Ocean, sharing the water border with Rhode Island. Except for the area near New York Harbor, New York has a land border with two states of Mid-Atlantic, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. New York is the only state that covers the borders of the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean.

Drainage

The Hudson River begins near the Tear Lake of Clouds and flows south through the eastern part of the country, without draining Lake George or Champlain. Lake George empties into the north end to Lake Champlain, whose northern tip extends to Canada, where it flows into the Richelieu River and finally the Saint Lawrence River. The western part of the country is dried by the Allegheny River and rivers of the Susquehanna and Delaware River systems. Niagara Falls is divided between New York and Ontario as it flows across the Niagara River from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario. The Delaware River Basin Compact, signed in 1961 by New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and the federal government, regulates the use of water from the Delaware system.

Climate

In general, New York has a humid continental climate, although under the KÃÆ'¶ppen climate classification, New York City has a humid subtropical climate. The weather in New York is heavily influenced by two continental air masses: the warm, moist from the southwest and the cold, dry from the northwest.

Downstate New York, consisting of New York City, Long Island, and the Lower Hudson Valley, has a rather warm summer with periods of high and cold humidity, a mild winter that is relatively mild compared to temperatures in Upstate New York because of the area downstate low altitude, close to the Atlantic Ocean, and relatively lower latitudes. Upstate New York experiences a warm summer, marred by only an occasional, short interval of musty conditions, with a long, cold winter. Western New York, in particular the Tug Hill area, received severe snow-effects, especially during the early part of winter, before the surface of Lake Ontario itself was covered by ice. Cold summer climate in the Adirondacks, Catskills, and at higher altitudes of the Southern Tier.

Daytime temperatures in summer typically range from the 70s to the mid 80s  ° F (25 to 30  ° C), in most states. In most winter temperatures -13  ° F (-25  ° C) or lower can be estimated in the northern highlands (Northern Highlands) and 5  ° F (-15  ° C) or cooler in the plains high southwest and middle east of the South Tier.

New York ranks 46th out of 50 states in the amount of greenhouse gas produced per person. This relatively efficient use of energy is mainly due to dense and densely populated settlements in the New York City metropolitan area, and the high level of state mass transit usage in this area and among the big cities.

Ecology

Territory

Because of its long history, New York has several overlapping and often conflicting definitions of territory within the state. These areas are also not fully determined due to the use of local government labels by day-to-day government. The New York State Economic Development Department provides two different definitions of these areas; it divides the country into ten economic regions, which roughly correspond to the terminology used by the population:

The department also groups districts into eleven areas for tourist destinations:

State park

New York has many state parks and two major forest preservation. Niagara Falls State Park, founded in 1885, is the oldest state park in the United States and the first made through leading domains. In 1892, Adirondack Park, roughly the size of the state of Vermont and the largest state park in the United States, was established and granted state constitutional protection to remain "forever wild" in 1894. The park is larger than Yellowstone, Everglades, Glacier , and the Grand Canyon national park combined. It's bigger than the combined Yellowstone, Yosemite, Grand Canyon, Glacier, and Olympic National Parks. The Catskill Park was reserved in 1885, stating that its land should be preserved and never put up for sale or lease. Consisting of 700,000 hectares (2,800 km ² ) land, the park is a habitat for deer, mink, and fishermen. There are about 400 black bears living in the region. The country operates a number of camps, and there are over 300 miles (480 km) of multipurpose roads in the Park.

The 1797 Montauk Lighthouse, commissioned under President George Washington, is a major tourist attraction in Montauk State Park at the east end of Long Island. Hither Hills State Park, also on the South Fork of Long Island, offers camping and is a popular destination with surfing sport fishermen.

National parks, monuments and historical buildings

The State of New York is well represented in the National Park System with 22 national parks, which received 16,349,381 visitors in 2011. In addition, there are 4 National Heritage Areas, 27 National Natural Landmarks, 262 National Historic Landmarks and 5,379 Listings National Historic Site.

• The African National Cemetery in Lower Manhattan is the only National Monument dedicated to African Americans. It maintains a site containing the remains of more than 400 Africans buried during the 17th and 18th centuries in the part of what is the largest colonial-era burial of African-Americans, both free and enslaved, with estimates of tens of thousands still being buried. This excavation and study site is called "the most important historic urban archeological project in the United States."
• Fire Island National Seashore is a United States National Seashore that protects a 26 km (42 km) section of the Fire Island, about 30 miles (48 km) long barrier island separated from Long Island land by Great South Bay. The island is part of Suffolk County.
• The Gateway National Recreation Area is more than 26,000 acres (10,522Ã, ha) of water, salt marshes, wetlands, islands and coastlines at the entrance to New York Harbor, mostly located in New York. Including areas on Long Island and in New Jersey, it covers more territory than the two Manhattan Islands.
• The General Grant National Memorial is the final resting place of President Ulysses S. Grant and is the largest tomb in North America.
• The Hamilton Grange National Memorial maintains the home of Alexander Hamilton, a Caribbean immigrant and an orphan who rose to become the founding father of the United States and his partner George Washington.
• The home of the Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site, founded in 1945, preserves the Springwood area of ​​Hyde Park, New York. Springwood is the birthplace, home of a lifetime, and the burial place of the 32nd President of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt.
• The Niagara Falls National Heritage Area was adopted by Congress in 2008; it stretches from the western border of Wheatfield, New York to the mouth of the Niagara River on Lake Ontario, including the Niagara Falls, Youngstown and Lewiston communities. These include Niagara Falls State Park and the Colonial Niagara Historic District. It is managed in collaboration with the state.
• Saratoga National Historical Park maintains the location of the Battle of Saratoga, the first significant American military victory of the American Revolutionary War. In 1777, American troops defeated the main British Army, who led France to recognize the independence of the United States, and entered the war as a decisive military ally for struggling Americans.
• The Statue of Liberty National Monument includes Ellis Island and the Statue of Liberty. The statue designed by Frà © dor Bartholdi, is a gift from France to the United States to mark the Centennial of the American Declaration of Independence; it was dedicated in New York Harbor on October 28, 1886. It has since become an icon of the United States and the concept of democracy and freedom.
• The Stonewall National Monument, in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan, is the first US National Monument dedicated to the rights of LGBTQ, set for June 24, 2016. This monument consists of the Stonewall Inn, commonly known as the birthplace of gay liberation movements as the scene of Stonewall Riot 1969; Adjacent Christopher Park; and the surrounding streets and sidewalks.
• Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site is the birthplace and childhood home of President Theodore Roosevelt, the only US President born in New York City before Donald Trump.

Administrative shares

New York is divided into 62 districts. Aside from the five districts of New York City, each of these districts is divided into cities and towns, incorporated into state law. Cities may contain united villages or unregistered hamlets. The city of New York is divided into five regions, each bordering an area.

Downstate New York (New York City, Long Island, and the southern part of the Hudson Valley) can be considered the core center of the Northeast megalopolis, an urban area stretching from New Hampshire to Virginia.

Major developing country towns along major transport and trade routes in the early 19th century, including the Erie Canal and the parallel railroads with it. Today, Thruway New York acts as a modern partner for commercial water routes.

src: i.redd.it

Demographics

Population

The distribution of changes in uneven population growth in New York State; the metropolitan area of ​​New York City is growing rapidly, along with Saratoga County. New York City gained more population between April 2010 and July 2014 (316,000) than any other US city. In contrast, outside of Ithaca, population growth in most Western New York is almost stagnant. According to immigration statistics, states are the main recipients of migrants from around the world. Between 2000 and 2005, immigration failed to outperform emigration, a trend that has reversed since 2006. New York State lost two seats in the rejection of the Congress in 2011, a secondary with relatively slow growth compared to other parts of the United States. In 2000 and 2005, more people moved from New York to Florida than from one state to another, contributing to New York becoming the fourth largest country in the US by 2015, behind Florida, Texas and California. However, New York State has the second largest international immigrant population in the country among the United States, at 4.2 million in 2008; mostly in and around New York City, due to its size, high profile, vibrant economy, and cosmopolitan culture.

The US Census Bureau estimates that the New York population is 19,795,791 on 1 July 2015, an increase of 2.16% since the 2010 US Census. Despite open land in the state, New Yorkers are very urban, with 92% of the population living in urban areas , especially in the metropolitan area of ​​New York City.

Two-thirds of New York State residents live in the New York City Metropolitan Area. New York City is the most populous city in the United States, with an estimated high population of about 8,550,405 by 2015, putting more immigration into the city than emigration since the 2010 US Census. At least twice as many people live in New York City as it is in the city The second largest US (Los Angeles), and in a smaller area. Long Island itself accounts for 8,838,722 Census residents by 2015, representing 39.6% of the New York State population.

6.5% of the New York population is under five, 24.7% below 18, and 12.9% are 65 or older. Women comprise 51.8% of the country's population.

The most populous region

These are the ten districts with the largest population in 2010:

1. Kings County (Brooklyn): 2,504,700
2. Queens County (Queens): 2,230,722
3. New York County (Manhattan): 1.585.873
4. Suffolk County: 1,493,350
5. Bronx County (Bronx): 1,385,108
6. Nassau County: 1.339.532
7. Westchester County: 949,113
8. Erie County: 919.040
9. Monroe District: 744.344
10. Richmond County (Staten Island): 468,730

Large cities

There are 62 cities in New York. The largest city in the most populous state and city in the United States is New York City, consisting of five counties (each coextensive with a borough): Bronx, New York County (Manhattan), Queens, Kings County (Brooklyn), and Richmond County (Staten Island). New York City is home to over two-fifth of the state's population. Albany, the state capital, is the sixth largest city in New York State. The smallest town is Sherrill, New York, in Oneida County. Hempstead is the most populous city in the state; if it were a city, it would be the second largest in New York State, with over 700,000 inhabitants.

Metropolitan Area

The following are the top ten metropolitan areas in the state in Census 2010:

1. New York City, Long Island, and Hudson Valley (19,567,410 in NY/NJ/PA, 13,038,826 in NY)
2. Buffalo-Niagara Falls (1,135,509)
3. Rochester (1,079,671)
4. Albany and the Capital District (870,716)
5. Syracuse (662,577)
6. Utica-Rome (299,397)
7. Binghamton (251,725)
8. Kingston (182,493)
9. Glens Falls (128.923)
10. Watertown-Fort Drum (116,229)

Race and ethnicity

The New York State's racial makeup at the 2010 Census is:

• White: 65.7% (58.3% non-Hispanic)
• Black or African American: 15.9%
• American Indian and Alaska Original: 0.6%
• Asia: 7.3%
• Hawaiian and other Pacific Island natives: approximately. 0.0%
• Other races: 7.4%
• Two or more races: 3.0%

Hispanic or Latino of any race is 17.6% of the population in 2010: 2.4% is from Mexico, 5.5% Puerto Rico, 0.4% Cuban, and 9.4% other Hispanic or Latin origin. According to the 2010-2015 American Community Survey, the largest ancestral groups are Italians (13.0%), Ireland (12.1%), Germany (10.3%), United (5.4%), and English (5, 2%).

The country's most populous, non-Hispanic white race group has declined as a proportion of the country's population from 94.6% in 1940 to 58.3% in 2010. In 2011, 55.6% of the New York population younger than age 1 is a minority. New York's growing strong Jewish population, the largest outside of Israel, is the highest among the good countries by absolute percentage and total in 2012. This is driven by the high rate of reproduction of Orthodox Jewish families, particularly in Brooklyn and the Hudson Valley community.

New York is home to the second largest African-American population (after Georgia) and the second largest Asian-American population (after California) in the United States. The New York uniracial Black population increased by 2.0% between 2000 and 2010, to 3,073,800. The Black population is in a state of flux, as New York is the largest recipient of immigrants from Africa, while established African Americans migrate out of New York to the southern United States. The New York City neighborhood of Harlem has historically been a major cultural capital for sub-Saharan African-Americans, and Bedford-Stuyvesant in Brooklyn has the largest population in the United States. Meanwhile, the undesirable Asian population in New York increased by 36% from 2000 to 2010, to 1,420,244. Queens, in New York City, is home to the largest Asian-American population in the state and is the most ethnically diverse region in the United States; it is the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world.

New York's growing Hispanic-or-Latin Population totaled 3,416,922 in 2010, a 19% increase from 2,867,583 mentioned in 2000. Queens is home to the largest Andean populations (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia) in the United States. In addition, New York has the largest Puerto Rican, Dominican, and Jamaican American population in the continent of the United States.

The Chinese population is the fastest-growing nation in New York State; several satellites from the original Manhattan Chinatown (?????), in Brooklyn (??????), and around Flushing, Queens (?????), evolved as traditional urban pockets, while also growing rapidly toward east to the Nassau County suburbs (???), on Long Island (??). The State of New York has become a major destination for new Chinese immigrants, and large-scale Chinese immigration continues into the state. The new Chinese city in America is also planned in Sullivan County. Long Island, including Queens and Nassau County, is also home to some of the Little Indias (??????) and large Koreatown (????????), with a large and growing growing Indian companion population America and Korea America, respectively. Brooklyn has become a destination for African West Indian immigrants, as well as Indian immigrants from Asia.

In the 2000 Census, New York has the largest Italian American population, which comprises the largest group of ancestors ever identified on Staten Island and Long Island, followed by Irish Americans. Albany and the Mohawk Valley also have a large ethnic community of Italian and Irish Americans, reflecting the 19th and early 20th century immigration. In Buffalo and western New York, German Americans are made up of the greatest ancestors. In North Country of New York, French Canadians represent prominent ethnicity, given the proximity of the area with Quebec. British Americans were present throughout northern New York, reflecting early and later colonial immigrants.

Language

In 2010, the most common American dialect in New York, in addition to General American English, was the New York City dialect (including New York Latino English and North Jersey English), Western New England accents around Albany, and Inland Northern American English in Buffalo and western New York State. A total of 800 languages ​​are spoken in New York City, making it the most diverse city in the world.

In 2010, 70.72% (12,788,233) New Yorkers aged five years and older reported only speaking English at home, while 14.44% (2,611,903) spoke Spanish, 2.61% (472,955) Chinese (including Cantonese and Mandarin), 1.20% (216,468) Russian, 1.18% (213,785) Italian, 0.79% (142,169) Creole French, 0.75% (135,789) French, 0.67% (121.917) Yiddish, 0.63% 114,574) Korean, and Polish are spoken by 0.53% (95,413) populations over the age of five. In total, 29.28% (5,295,016) New Yorkers aged five years and older reported speaking in languages ​​other than English.

Religion

In 2010, the Association of Religious Data Archives (ARDA) reported that the largest denomination is the Catholic Church with 6,286,916; Orthodox Judaism with 588,500; Islam with 392,953; and United Methodist Church with 328,315 followers.

LGBTQ

About 3.8 percent of the adult population of the country identifies as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender. It is a total adult population of 570,388 LGBT people. In 2010, the number of married couples households was approximately 48,932. New York is the fifth country to license same-sex marriage, after New Hampshire. Michael Bloomberg, Mayor of New York City, stated that "same-sex marriage in New York City has generated about $ 259 million in economic impact and $ 16 million in City revenues" in the first year after the enactment of the Marriage Equality Act. "Same-sex marriage in New York is legalized on June 24, 2011, and is authorized to commence operations 30 days later. New York City is also home to the largest transgender population in the United States, estimated at 25,000 by 2016. The annual New York City Pride March (crossing gay pride) south of Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, ending in Greenwich Village, and rivaling Sao Paulo Gay Pride Parade as the world's largest pride parade, attracting tens of thousands of participants and millions of street viewers every June.

In June 2017, plans were announced for the first official monument to LGBT individuals assigned by the State of New York, in contrast to the Stonewall National Monument, commissioned by the US federal government. The State Monument is planned to be built at Hudson River Park in Manhattan, near the seafront Hudson wharf that has served as a significant historical symbol of New York's role as a meeting place and a safe haven for the LGBT community.

src: suspendedlicenseny.com

Economy

New York's gross state product in 2015 is $ 1.5 trillion. If New York State is an independent country, it will be ranked 12th or 13th largest economy in the world, depending on the fluctuations of international currency. However, in 2013, the multi-state, Metropolitan Area Statistics headquartered in New York City produces gross metropolitan (GMP) products of nearly US $ 1.4 trillion, while in 2012, the Combined Statistics Combined Area yields GMP more than US $ 1, 55 trillion, both nationally ranked first with a wide margin and behind GDP are only twelve countries and eleven countries, respectively.

Wall Street

Anchored by Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City has been named the most economically powerful city and the world's leading financial center. Lower Manhattan is the third largest business district district in the United States and is home to the New York Stock Exchange, on Wall Street, and NASDAQ, at 165 Broadway, representing the world's largest and second largest stock exchange, respectively, measured both overall average daily trading volume and with total market capitalization of listed companies in 2013. The investment cost of banking on Wall Street is around $ 40 billion by 2012, while in 2013, senior New York City bank officials are managing risks and compliance functions that were earned as much as $ 324,000 per year. In fiscal 2013-14, Wall Street's securities industry generates 19% of New York State tax revenues. New York City remains the largest global center for public equity trading and debt capital markets, driven in part by the size and development of US economic finance. New York also leads in hedge fund management; private equity; and the monetary volume of mergers and acquisitions. Some investment banks and investment managers headquartered in Manhattan are important participants in other global financial centers. New York is also a major commercial banking center in the United States.

Many of the largest media conglomerates in the world are also based in the city. Manhattan has approximately 520 million square feet (48.1 million m ² ) of office space by 2013, making it the largest office market in the United States, while Midtown Manhattan is the largest business district in the country.

Silicone Alley

Silicon Alley, based in New York City, has evolved into a metonym for a sphere that includes high-tech and entrepreneurial ecosystems in the New York City metropolitan area; in 2015, Silicon Alley generated over US $ 7.3 billion in venture capital investment. High-tech industries including digital media, biotechnology, software development, game design, and other fields of information technology are growing, supported by New York City positions at the end of several transatlantic fiber-optic lines, its intellectual capital, and the growth of outdoor wireless connectivity. In December 2014, New York State announced a venture capital fund of $ 50 million to encourage companies working in advanced biotech and materials; according to Governor Andrew Cuomo, seed money will facilitate entrepreneurs in bringing their research to market. On December 19, 2011, Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg announced his choice to Cornell University and the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology to build a US $ 2 billion applied graduate science school on Roosevelt Island in Manhattan, aiming to transform New York City into a technology capital major world.

Valley of Technology

Albany, Saratoga County, Rensselaer County and Hudson Valley, collectively recognized as the New East Valley of Technology in New York, have experienced significant growth in the computer hardware side of the high-tech industry, with major strides in the nanotechnology, digital electronics design, and manufacturing integrated microchip circuits integrated with water and electricity, involving companies including IBM and Thomas J. Watson Research Center, and three foreign-owned companies, GlobalFoundries, Samsung, and Taiwan Semiconductor, among others. High-tech ecosystems in the region are supported by tech-focused academic institutions including Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and SUNY Polytechnic Institute. In 2015, Tech Valley, located on both sides of Adirondack Northway and New York Thruway, generated over US $ 163 million in venture capital investment. The Rochester area is important in the field of photographic processing and imaging of increasingly diverse high-tech fields including STEM fields, as well as some results from private startup companies collaborating with major academic institutions, including the University of Rochester and Cornell University. Westchester County has developed a growing biotechnology sector in the 21st century, with over US $ 1 billion in private investment planned in 2016,

Media and entertainment

The creative industries, concerned with generating and distributing knowledge and information, such as new media, digital media, film and television production, advertising, fashion, design, and architecture, contributed to a growing share of work, with New York City having a strong competitive advantage in these industries. In 2014, New York State offers tax incentives of up to $ 420 million annually for filming in the state, the cheapest tax rebate among US states. New York is also interested in high-paying jobs by increasing its tax credit to a maximum of 35% for post-film production work at Upstate New York. The entertainment industry that has filmed has grown in New York, contributing nearly US $ 9 billion to the New York City economy by 2015.

Tourism

Likes New York is the slogan, logo and song that is the basis of an advertising campaign and has been used since 1977 to promote tourism in New York state, including New York City. This trademarked logo is owned by the State of New Empire State Development. The Broadway League reported that the Broadway show sold approximately US $ 1.27 billion of tickets in the 2013-2014 season, up 11.4% from US $ 1.139 billion in the 2012-2013 season. The presence in 2013-2014 reached 12.21 million, representing a 5.5% increase from the 2012-2013 season of 11.57 million.

The song I Love New York is a New York state song.

Export

New York exports a wide range of goods such as fast food, computers and electronics, diamond cutting, and other commodities. In 2007, the country exported a total of $ 71.1 billion worth of goods, with the five largest foreign export markets being Canada (US $ 15 billion), Britain (US $ 6 billion), Switzerland (US $ 5.9 billion), Israel $ 4.9). billion), and Hong Kong (US $ 3.4 billion). New York's biggest imports are oil, gold, aluminum, natural gas, electricity, rough diamonds, and wood. The state also has a large manufacturing sector that includes printing and garment production, especially in New York City; and fur, rail equipment, automobile parts, and bus lanes, are concentrated in the Upstate region.

New York is the country's third largest wine country, and the second largest wine producer by volume, behind California. The Finger Lakes hills to the south, the Hudson Valley, the North Fork of Long Island, and the southern shore of Lake Erie are the main wine and wine regions of New York, with many vineyards. In 2012, New York has 320 wineries and 37,000 hectares of grape, producing a full-time job of nearly 25,000 and an annual wage of more than US $ 1.1 billion, and generating US $ 4.8 billion in direct economic impacts of New York wine , grape juice, and wine and wine products.

New York is the major agricultural producer overall, ranking among the top five states for agricultural products including maple syrup, apples, cherries, cabbage, dairy products, onions, and potatoes. The country is the largest cabbage producer in the US. The country has about a quarter of its land in agriculture and generated $ 3.4 billion in agricultural products in 2001. Lake Ontario's southern coast provides the right mix of soil and microclimate for many apples, cherry orchards, plums, pears and peaches. Apples are also grown in the Hudson Valley and near Lake Champlain. Medium-sized commercial sea fisheries are located along the Atlantic side of Long Island. Principal caught by value are shellfish, lobster, squid, and flounder fish.

src: cdn.thecrazytourist.com

Education

The University of New York State accredits and sets standards for basic, secondary and secondary education in the state, while the New York State Department of Education monitors public schools and controls their standardized tests. The New York City Department of Education manages the New York City Public School system. In 1894, reflecting racial discrimination in general, the state passed a law allowing communities to set up separate schools for African-American children. In 1900, the state passed another law requiring integrated schools.

At the level of post-secondary education, the state-wide university system is the State University of New York, commonly referred to as SUNY. New York City also has a city-funded City University of New York system. The SUNY system consists of 64 community colleges, technical colleges, undergraduate colleges, and doctoral-granting institutions, including several universities. The largest state university in New York is the State University of New York in Buffalo, founded by US President and Vice President Millard Fillmore. The four SUNY University Centers, which offer a variety of academic programs, are the University at Albany, Binghamton University, Stony Brook University, and the University of Buffalo.

Famous major private universities include Columbia University in Upper Manhattan and Cornell University in Ithaca, both Ivy League institutions, as well as New York University in Lower Manhattan, and Fordham University in the Bronx, Manhattan and Westchester counties. Notable smaller private higher education institutions include Rockefeller University, Mercy College, New York Institute of Technology, Yeshiva University, and Hofstra University. There are also many graduate level schools in New York State, including schools of Medicine, Law, and Engineering. West Point, the US Army service academy, is located just south of Newburgh, on the west bank of the Hudson River.

During fiscal 2013, New York spends more on public education per student than any other country, according to US Census Bureau statistics.

src: www.nycourts.gov

Transportation

New York has one of the oldest and most comprehensive transportation infrastructure in the country. The engineering challenges posed by the country's complex terrain and unique New York City infrastructure problems caused by urban crowds must be overcome constantly. The expansion of the country's population has followed the initial drainage path, first the Hudson River and the Mohawk River, then the Erie Canal. In the 19th century, railroads were built along the river basin, followed by the New York State Thruway in the 20th century.

The New York State Department of Transport (NYSDOT) is a New York government department responsible for the development and operation of highways, railways, mass transit systems, ports, waterways and aviation facilities within the State of New York. NYSDOT is headquartered at 50 Wolf Road in Colonie, Albany County. The New York and New Jersey Port Authority (PANYNJ) is a joint venture between New York State and New Jersey and endorsed by the US Congress, established in 1921 through an inter-state joint, overseeing many regional transport infrastructures, including bridges, tunnels, airports , and seaports, within the geographical jurisdictions of New York and New Jersey Ports. This 1,500 square mile (3,900 km²) port area is generally covered within a 25 mile (40 km) radius of the Statue of the Liberty National Monument. The Port Authority is headquartered at 4 World Trade Centers in Lower Manhattan.

In addition to New York City's famous Subway system - bordered on New York City - four suburban commuter train systems enter and leave town: the Long Island Railroad, the Metro-North Railroad, the Trans-Hudson Port Authority, and five New Jersey Transit rail lines. The New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) is a New York City government agency responsible for managing most of New York City's transportation infrastructure. Other cities and towns in New York have urban and regional public transport. In Buffalo, the Niagara Border Transport Authority runs the Buffalo Metro Rail light rail system; in Rochester, Rochester Subway operated from 1927 to 1956, but was not used because state and federal investments went to the highway.

The New York State Department of Motor Vehicle (NYSDMV or DMV) is a government agency responsible for registering and checking other cars and motor vehicles, as well as licensed drivers in New York State. As of 2008, NYSDMV has 11,284,546 licensed drivers on file and 10,697,644 valid vehicle registrations. All gasoline-powered vehicles listed in New York State are required to have an emission check every 12 months, to ensure that environmental quality control works to prevent air pollution. Diesel-powered vehicles with a gross weight rating of more than 8,500 pounds registered in most of New York's Downstate area must receive annual emissions checks. All vehicles listed in New York State must be subject to annual safety inspections.

Part of the transportation system is intermodal, allowing travelers to switch easily from one mode of transportation to another. One of the most notable examples is the JFK AirTrain which allows train passengers to travel directly to the terminal at John F. Kennedy International Airport as well as to the subway system of New York City underground.

src: fiscalpolicy.org

Government and politics

Government

The New York Government embodies the governance structure of the State of New York as defined by the New York State Constitution. It consists of three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial.

The Governor is the chief executive of the State and assisted by the Lieutenant Governor. Both are selected on the same ticket. Other elected officers include the Attorney General, and the Financial Supervisor. Secretary of State, before

Source of the article : Wikipedia