Urantia Book (sometimes called The Urantia Papers or The Fifth Epochal Revelation ) is a spiritual, philosophical, and scientific book that originated in Chicago sometime between 1924 and 1955. This authorship remains a matter of speculation.
The authors introduce the word "Urantia" as the name of the planet Earth and declare that their intent is "to present a great concept and an advanced truth." This book aims to unite religion, science and philosophy, and a large number of its material about science is unique among the literature claimed to be presented by celestial beings. Among other topics, this book deals with the origin and meaning of life, the place of mankind in the universe, the relationship between God and man, and the life of Jesus.
The Urantia Foundation, a US-based nonprofit group, first published The Urantia Book in 1955. In 2001, a jury found that the copyrighted English books were no longer valid in the United States after 1983 English subtitles became the work of the public domain in the United States, and in 2006 international copyright ended.
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Authorship
The actual state of the origins of The Urantia Book is unknown. The book and its publishers do not mention the name of the human writer. On the contrary, it was written as if it were directly presented by many appointed heavenly beings for the task of giving the revelation of the "ancient age" religion.
In early 1911, William S. Sadler and his wife Lena Sadler, a physician in Chicago and famous in the community, were said to be approached by a worried neighbor because he sometimes found her husband in deep sleep and breathing abnormally. He reports that he can not wake him at these times. The Sadlers came to observe the episodes, and over time, the individual produced verbal communication that claimed to be from a "student visitor" spiritual being. This changed in early 1925 with a "thick handwritten document," which has since become a common method of communication. The individual has never been publicly identified but has been described as "a very mature businessman, member of the board of trade and the stock exchange."
Sadler is a respected doctor, and William Sadler is a paranormal claim dissident, who is depicted not believing in the supernatural. In 1929, he published a book entitled The Mind at Mischief, where he described methods of deception of the medium and how self-deception leads to psychic claims. He writes in the appendix that there are two cases that he does not explain his satisfaction:
Other exceptions relate to the rather strange phenomenon of psychic phenomena, which I find can not be categorized.... I was contacted with him, in the summer of 1911, and I have it under my observation. more or less since then, after being present at perhaps 250 night sessions, many have attended by a stenographer who made a bold note. A thorough study of this case has convinced me that it is not one of the usual trances.... This man is completely unconscious, completely unaware of what is happening, and, unless told about it next, never knows that he has been used as a sort of clearing house to come and go from alleged extra-planetary personalities.... Psychoanalysis, hypnotism, intensive comparison, fails to show that the written or oral message of this person comes from his own mind. Much of the material guaranteed through this subject is contrary to his habit of thinking, in the way in which he has been taught, and throughout his philosophy. In fact, many things we have gained, we have failed to find anything out of their nature.
In 1923, a group of Sadler's friends, former patients, and colleagues began meeting for Sunday's philosophical and religious discussions, but became interested in the strange communication when Sadler mentioned the case at their fourth meeting and read the samples at their request. Shortly thereafter, a communication was reportedly received about this group that would be allowed to compose questions and answers would be given by heavenly beings through "contact personality".
Sadler presented this development to the group, and they produced hundreds of questions without full seriousness, but their claim was that it resulted in the emergence of answers in fully written papers. They become more impressed with the quality of the answers and keep asking questions, until all documents are now collected together as the The Urantia Book is obtained. The group was known as Forum, and was inaugurated as a closed group of 30 members in 1925 who promised not to discuss material with others. Over time, some participants leave and others join, leading to a total membership of 486 people over the years from diverse backgrounds and a mixture of interest levels. A small group of five people called the Contacts Commission, including Sadlers, are responsible for collecting questions from the Forum, acting as guardians of handwritten manuscripts presented in response, and arranging for correcting and typing material. Bill Sadler, Jr. it has been recorded compiled a list of contents published with the book.
Sadler and others involved, now all dead, claimed that the papers were physically manifested from 1925 to 1935 in a way that was not understood even by them, with the first two parts being completed in 1934 and the third and fourth of 1935 The last forum meeting was in 1942.
After Part IV of the latter was obtained in 1935, an additional period of time should have occurred when the request for clarification resulted in a revision. Sadler and his son William (Bill) Sadler, Jr. at one point wrote an introductory concept and was told they could not add their introduction. The preface was then "received."
Communication was said to continue for the next two decades while Forum members studied the book in depth, and according to Sadler and others, the permission to publish it was given to them in 1955. The Urantia Foundation was formed in 1950 as a tax-free education community in Illinois, and through personal funds, the book was published on October 12, 1955.
Only members of the Contact Commission are witnessing "sleep subject" activities, and only those who know the identity. The individual is claimed to have been kept secret to prevent any future respect or honor for him or her. Martin Gardner states that the explanation of the origin of the book that makes more sense than the celestial beings is the Contact Commission, especially William Sadler, responsible. Gardner's conclusion was that a man named Wilfred Kellogg was the subject of sleep and wrote the work of his subconscious mind, with William Sadler then editing and writing the parts. Brad Gooch believes Sadler wrote the book, perhaps with help from others at the Contacts Commission. A statistical analysis using the Mosteller and Wallace stylometry methods showed at least nine authors were involved, and by comparatively analyzing the book against The Mind at Mischief, did not show Sadler's extensive authorship or editing, without a verdict. out limited editing possibilities.
Copyright status
In 1991, after compiling the Urantia Book index and distributing free copies via computer disks and prints, Kristen Maaherra was sued by the Urantia Foundation for infringing their copyright on the book. In 1995, Maaherra won the Summary Judgment stating that the Urantia Foundation copyright update is invalid. After the appeal, the verdict was canceled and awarded to the Urantia Foundation.
Four years later, in 1999, Harry McMullan III and the Michael Foundation published a book, Jesus-A New Revelation , which includes word for word 76 of 196 papers included in The Urantia Book . McMullan and the Michael Foundation then sought a legal statement that the Urantia USA Foundation's copyright at the Urantia Book is invalid or, alternatively, that copyright is not infringed. The copyright of the Urantia Foundation was held to an end in 1983 because the book was considered not a composite work or a job assigned to hire. Both of these arguments have been rejected, a US court stated that, since the Conduit had died before 1983, only the Conduit heirs would be entitled to renew copyright in 1983 and, because they did not, the copyrights of the Urantia Foundation's book had expired and hence the book it goes into the public domain. This decision was upheld on appeal.
Maps The Urantia Book
Overview
The Urantia Book is approximately 2,000 pages long, and consists of a 196 "paper" body divided into four sections, and an advanced introduction: Part I, titled "Centers and Superuniverses," discusses what writers consider the highest levels of creation, including the eternal and infinite "Universal Fathers", Trinity colleagues, and "The Island of Heaven".
Nature of God
According to the Book of Urantia , God is the creator and enforcer of all omniscient, omnipresent, omnipotent, omnipotent, omnipotent, omnipresent, personality realities. The most basic teaching about God in this book is that he is a Father. "The Infinite Faces transformed into all the personality of the universe is the face of the Father, the Universal Father of Love."
God, according to the book, is a God who functions at different levels of reality, both personal and impersonal. God is taught to exist in the Trinity of three individuals who personally share the same position: God the Father, God the Son, and God the Spirit. These people are referenced by additional titles in the book, especially as "The Universal Father," "Eternal Son," and "Infinite Spirit." While arguing that the concept of one God in three persons is hard to fully comprehend, the book says that the idea: "... does not violate the truth of divine unity, the three Heavenly Heavenly personalities are, throughout the universe, the reactions of reality and in all the relations of creatures , as one. "
The Father, Son, and Spirit are regarded as the "existential" of the Gods, which existed from eternity to an eternal future. In addition, three gods are described as "experiences", or incomplete and in the process of actualizing: God Almighty; God Almighty; and God the Absolute. Of the three, the Supreme God, or "Most High," is given the most explanation, as the Godhead evolves in time and space to unite the finite and infinite reality. The person of God Almighty and the Absolute God is considered far from the possibility of understanding and is covered in a limited way.
Many kinds of celestial beings are mentioned in this book, and one particular note is the "descendant" of the Universal Father and the Eternal Son who is called the "Creator Son". A divine Creator's Son is considered the ultimate personification of the Universal Father and the Eternal Son which is possible for people to know and: "... is, for all practical purposes and purposes, God." Jesus of Nazareth is identified as the incarnate Son of the Creator on Earth, and the central theme of the book section that tells of his life and teachings is that the religion he preached is the most known in the world.
The last paper states:
To "follow Jesus" means to personally share the faith of the faith and enter into the spirit of your life from unselfish service to humanity. One of the most important things in human life is to discover what Jesus believes, to find his ideals, and strive for the attainment of His great life purpose. Of all human knowledge, what is of greatest value is knowing the religious life of Jesus and how he lived it.
God and the individual
God is described as the Father of each individual, and through the direct gift of a fragment of his eternal spirit, called the Thought Adjuster , is said to be able to guide the individual towards an increased understanding of himself.. The Thought Adjuster is the main teachings of this book and also referred to as the "Mystery Monitor" and "the presence of the inside," and "divine splash." This idea is compared in books for Hindu and ancient Egypt. In connection with the biblical tradition, Pemuja Pemikir is said to be the meaning behind the phrase "made in the image of God" and "the kingdom of God is in you":
Adjuster is a sign of divinity, the presence of God. "God's image" does not refer to physical similarities or limited restrictions from endowment of material material but rather to the gift of the presence of the spirit of Universal Father in the supernormal award of the Thought Research on humble creatures in the universe.
Everyone is said to have received one such fragment at the time of his first independent moral decision, on average around the age of five and 10 months. Adjuster then serves uncooperatively as a divine partner in the minds of the individual for the rest of his life, and to the extent that one agrees with their free will to want to find God, it directs the person toward a more mature and spiritual thought. Someone thinker Adjuster is described as different from the soul or conscience. In Urantia Book Teachings , the extent to which the human mind chooses to receive Adjuster guidance becomes the level at which one's soul "grows" and becomes a reality which can then survive from death. The soul is essentially an embryonic spiritual development, one of the factors of the parents is the divine Adjuster and the other is the will of man.
The book says: "But you yourself are largely unaware of this inner ministry, you are so incapable of distinguishing your own material intellect product from your combined soul and Adjuster activities." This book is highly fideistic and teaches that neither science nor logic can ever prove or deny the existence of God, on the grounds that faith is necessary to become aware of God's presence in human experience, Thoughtful Thinking.
Constant adherence to sin is considered to be the same as rejecting Adjuster's leadership, rejecting the will of God. Ongoing selfishness and sinful elections ultimately lead to evil and full identification with unrighteousness, and because unrighteousness is not real, it results in the destruction of individual identity. Such personality becomes "as if they never existed." The book says that: "... in the last analysis, individuals identified as sin have destroyed themselves by becoming completely unreal through their embrace of evil." The concept of hell and reincarnation is not taught.
This book says that a person is basically destined to join the divine fragment and become an inseparable unity with it as the ultimate goal of faith. United with the fragment of Adjuster is the "reward of the times," the moment when the human personality has succeeded and won an eternal eternal life, described as a place that usually occurs in the afterlife, but also possibly during worldly life. The result during human life is "fusion smelting," with the material body consumed in the blazing light and the soul "translated" into the afterlife. The Hebrew prophet Elijah who was brought to heaven without death in the "train" is said to be a rare example in recorded history of a translated person rather than a death.
Once a person integrates with the fragment of his Lord, "it will begin your real life, the uphill life, where your current mortal state is just the vestibule." A person continues as a rising citizen in the universe and travels through many worlds on a long pilgrimage of growth and learning that ultimately leads to God and residence in Heaven. Humans reaching this stage are called "finaliters." This book goes on to discuss the potential fate of these "glorified beings".
This book considers human life on earth as a "short and intense test," and hereafter as a continuation of the training that begins in material life. "The Religion of Jesus" is assumed to be practiced by the love of God the Father, thus learning to love everyone in the way Jesus loved the people; that is, acknowledging "the fatherhood of God and the correlated truth, human brotherhood," producing unselfish service to others.
Cosmology
This book explains that in the center of the cosmos is a stationary paradise island - the abode of God - with paradise surrounded by "Havona," an eternal universe containing one billion perfect worlds, in which seven incomplete and evolutionary "superuniverses" circle.
The word "universe" in this book is used to denote a number of different organizational scales. The "Superuniverse" is approximately as big as galaxies or galaxies, and seven superuniverses together with Paradise-Havona together are designated as "grand universe". The "local universe" is part of the superuniverse, with 100,000 local universe in every superuniverse. Outside the seven superuniverses, the unpopular "space" is described. The term "main universe" refers to what in modern use would be the total universe - all of the material and space as a whole.
Urantia is said to be in a remote local universe named "Nebadon," which is part of the number seven superuniverse, "Orvonton." The physical size of the local universe is not directly stated, but each is said to have up to 10 million inhabited worlds.
History and future of the world
The book's extensive teachings on world history include its physical development about 4.5 billion years ago, gradual changes in conditions that allow life to flourish, and centuries-old organic evolution beginning with microscopic marine life and leading to plant and animal life. in the ocean, later on land. The emergence of the man presented has occurred about a million years ago from a superior primate branch derived from the lemur ancestor. The first humans are said to have twin men and women called Andon and Fonta, born "993.419 years before 1934."
The Urantia Book not only teaches biological evolution, but human society and spiritual understanding evolve by slow development, the subject of both the period of rapid improvement and possible regression. Progress is said to follow a divine plan that includes the gift of revelation and regular ministry by the heavenly teachers, which will ultimately lead to the ideal world status of "light and life" in the distant future.
Although there is an ideal and divine development plan, it is said to be nurtured and administered by various order of celestial beings that are not always perfect. Urantia is said to be a very "confused and disorganized" planet that is "deeply retarded in all phases of intellectual advancement and spiritual achievement" compared to a more distinctive inhabited world, due to the incredible history of rebellion and failure by its spiritual inspector.
Comparison
Comparison with Christianity
More than a third of the content of the Urantia Book is devoted to the narrative of Jesus' life and teachings, and the Judeo-Christian tradition is given an interest that transcends the other. The teachings of this book claim to be clarification and extension of Christian beliefs. However, many differences are noted between his teachings and generally accepted Christian doctrine.
Jesus is greatly respected by the Book of Urantia, because he is in the New Testament of the Bible. The following is given to him in both texts:
- He is human and divine, the incarnate Son of God born of Mary, whose husband is Joseph.
- He performed many of the miracles described in the Bible, such as the resurrection of Lazarus, the turn of water into wine, the feeding of five thousand, and the many healing of the blind, the sick and the weak.
- He taught twelve apostles, most of whom proceeded to spread his teachings.
- He was crucified, and on the third day after his death, rose from the dead.
- He will return to the world again one day.
Some of the differences with Christianity include:
- The crucifixion of Jesus is not considered a penance for man's sin. The crucifixion was taught to be the result of the fear of the religious leaders of the time, who regarded his teaching as a threat to their position of authority.
- Jesus is considered the incarnation of man "Michael of Nebadon," one of the more than 700,000 "Son of Heaven" of God, or "Creator's Son." Jesus is not regarded as the second person of the Trinity as he is in Christianity. This book refers to the Eternal Son as the second person of the Trinity.
- Jesus was born on Earth through the natural way of conception rather than virgin birth.
- Jesus did not walk on water or do some miracles attributed to him in the Bible.
Comparison with Seventh-day Adventists
Gardner notes the similarities between Seventh-day Adventists and the teachings of the Urantia Book, and sees this as evidence that William Sadler and Wilfred Kellogg had a role in editing or writing a book, since both are one-time believers in Advent. For example, two Adventist beliefs that distinguish them from mainstream Christianity are sleeping doctrines and annihilationism, both of which are also supported by the Urantia Book. Lewis notes that from the perspective of the book being a "revelation", it can be claimed as "heavenly beings" only to find an accurate Adventist belief area and therefore presented and extended to them. Although the book supports the Adventist aspects, it is also mixed with Adventist teachings.
Other comparisons
This book can be seen as belonging to a genre of spiritual literature that includes A Course in Miracles and Conversation with God . Gardner compares it with Oahspe , noting that although Oahspe is "much lower than UB both in idea and style of writing," they are similar in claiming to have been written by celestial beings channeled through channels human beings, taught that there is "one ultimate God who oversees the great bureaucracy of the lesser gods" while both elaborate on complex cosmology. The supernatural origins of this book have been compared with similar claims of the Book of Mormon, Science and Health, the Qur'an, and the Bible, with the belief that it is not seen as a greater leap in reason.
Comparisons with aspects of different world religions are included in the book, including Buddhism, Islam, Taoism, Judaism, Hinduism, Shinto, and Confucianism. For example, Paper 131, "World Religions" discusses aspects of the same religions as what the book claims to be "the religion of Jesus." The attitude of the book is that "no Urantia religion can not profitably study and assimilate the best truths contained in every other religion."
Considerations as litor
The Urantia Book has been enjoyed by some as a form of science fiction, historical fiction or fantasy. The Urantia Book is renowned for its high internal consistency and sophisticated writing styles. Skeptical Martin Gardner, in a highly critical book on The Urantia Book, wrote that it was "very imaginative" and that "cosmological scattering in any science fiction cosmology fantasy of any kind known to me." Gooch says that for unbelievers, this book is a mixture of "dazzling, inspiring, interesting, haunting, entertaining, annoying, incomprehensible, and always wordy."
Parts I, II, and III are primarily written in expository languages. Papers are informative, material-of-fact, and instructional. Part IV of this book is written as a biography of the life of Jesus, and some feel it is a rich narrative of well-developed characters, high attention to detail, woven sub-flow, and realistic dialogue. Considered literature, Part IV is better than recounting the life of Jesus, such as
Critical views
Criticism of claim as revelation
The authors refer to the book as the fifth revelation of the "significance of the times" for mankind, the fourth revelation of the golden age has become the life of Jesus. The claims of revelation at The Urantia Book have been criticized for various reasons. Skeptics like Martin Gardner say that this is the result of human effort rather than revelation because some of its science is flawed. Because this book does not support certain teachings of Christianity, such as the doctrine of reconciliation, while at the same time presenting a story about parts of Jesus' life that are not in the Bible, others with the Christian view argue that it can not be original. Gooch notes that while prose "a rather old-fashioned, elegant" can be read as fiction, because of its claim of divine inspiration "this book invites a much sharper reaction than that... perhaps if it is not appropriate."
The science criticism
Dalam Paper 101, "The Real Natural of Religion," para penulis menulis:
We know very well that, while the historical facts and religious truths of this series of revelatory presentations will stand on the record of the times to come, in the few short years many of our statements about the physical sciences will require a revision in consequence additional scientific development and new discoveries. These new developments are even witnessed today, but we are forbidden to include facts that such humans do not find in the record of revelation. Let it be made clear that revelation does not need to be inspired. The cosmology of these revelations is not inspired .
Skeptics like Martin Gardner see science at The Urantia Book as a clear reflection of the prevailing view at the time the book is said to originate. The claim by the author, that no unknown scientific discovery can be given, is seen as a ruse to allow for errors to be dismissed later. That the presentation of post-1955 scientific knowledge is avoided is seen as evidence that it was written by humans and not by heavenly beings with superior knowledge.
Examples of criticisms of science at The Urantia Book include:
- The formation of the solar system described is consistent with the Planetesimal Chamberlin-Moulton hypothesis, which, although popular in the early 20th century, was discarded by the 1940s after major defects were recorded. The current accepted scientific explanation for the origin of the solar system is based on the nebular hypothesis.
- According to the book's description, the universe is hundreds of billions of years old and periodically expands and contracts - "breathes" - at intervals of 2 billion years. Recent observations show that the true age of the universe is about 13.7 billion years. This book does not support the big bang theory.
- A fundamental particle called "ultimaton" is proposed, with an electron consisting of 100 ultimatons. These particles are not known to be described elsewhere and this concept is not supported by modern particle physics.
- The Andromeda Galaxy is claimed to be "nearly a million" light years, repeating the 1920s understanding, but the galaxy is now understood 2.5 million light-years away.
- This book repeats the mistaken notion that planets close to the sun will gradually spin more slowly until one hemisphere is left always facing the sun because of tidal locking, citing Mercury as an example. Scientists at the beginning of the book think that one side of Mercury always faces the sun, just as one side of the Moon is always facing Earth. In 1965, radio astronomers discovered that Mercury spins fast enough for everyone to see the sun's exposure. The scientists further determined that Mercury is locked in this level of rotation in a stable 3-revolution resonance for every 2 orbits, and it does not slow down and so will never have one left side always turned into the sun.
- Some species are said to have evolved suddenly from a single mutation without transitional species. This theory originated from the Dutch botanist, Hugo De Vries but was short-lived and unsupported now.
- This book falsely claims that the solar eclipse was predicted in 1808 by the Prophet Tenskwatawa. The eclipse was actually estimated at the end of April 1806 and occurred on June 16, 1806. In 2009, the Urantia Foundation admitted mistakes and revised the book.
- Controversial statements about the human race can be found in this book. Gardner believes that William S. Sadler, who wrote several eugenicist works, has a hand in editing or writing a book, and that this is how ideas are incorporated.
While some adherents believe that all the information in the Urantia Book includes literally true science, others receive book warnings and do not believe that science is fully accurate.
Meredith Sprunger, a liberal believer in The Urantia Book and retired United Church of Christ minister, wrote that the study "has revealed that almost all the scientific material found in UB is a scientific knowledge received from the period in which the book it was written, held by some scientists at that time, or will be discovered or recognized. "He further argues against his literal infallibility and says that fundamentalism over the book is" equally untenable by biblical fundamentalism. "
Other believers argue that the book has prophetically anticipated scientific progress. They believe more science - if not all - will prove true in the future. Gardner has evaluated many of these claims since 1995 and found them inconclusive. Some arose because this book was said to have been written by revelators in 1935, but then not published until 1955. The discovery of conflicting two decades of science can be regarded as prophetic by believers, while skeptics think such facts are added before publication. For example, the catalytic role that carbon plays in solar nuclear reactions is described in the book, although Hans Bethe's announcement of the discovery was not made until 1938.
The only real anticipation of the science made by this book, in Gardner's view, is that it says that the magnetism possessed by dove pigeons is "not wholly wanted to be a conscious possession of mankind." In 1980, a British zoologist, Robin Baker, published evidence that humans have a limited sense of magnetism.
Mark McMenamin, a professor of geology, cites parts of a book describing a billion-year-old supercontinent that then splits up, forming the ocean basins where early marine life was developed. He said, "This remarkable piece, written in the 1930s, anticipates the scientific results that did not appear in the scientific literature until several decades later." McMenamin also stated, "Of course I am selective here in choosing my quotation, and there is a scientifically untenable material rim on The Urantia Book."
Use of other material published without attribution
The Urantia Book states in the Preface that over a thousand "human concepts representing the highest and most advanced planetary knowledge of the spiritual values ​​and meanings of the universe" were chosen in preparing the paper. The authors say that they are asked to "give preference to the supreme human concept that exists concerning the subject to be presented" and will "use pure revelation only when the concept of presentation has no preceding expression adequate by the human mind." One writer writes in Part IV: "I also know that concepts derived from the human mind will prove more acceptable and beneficial to all other human minds."
In recent years, paper students have found that the use of other sources for free seems correct. None of the material allegedly used from any other source is directly quoted or referenced in this book.
In 1992, a reader of The Urantia Book, Matthew Block, published his own paper showing The Urantia Book using materials from 15 other books. All the source authors identified in Block's papers were published in English between 1905 and 1943 by US publishers and usually academic or academic work containing concepts and words similar to those found at The Urantia Book. The block has since claimed to have found more than 125 source text entered into the paper.
The use of external sources was studied separately by Gardner and Gooch, and they concluded that the book copied many sources recorded by the Block.
For example, Gardner and Block noted that Paper 85 appears to have been taken from the first eight chapters of Origin and Evolution of Religion by Edward Washburn Hopkins, published by Yale University Press in 1923. Each piece of paper corresponds to the chapters in the book , with some parts that may be used as direct material and further material used in Papers 86-90 and 92. (In addition to the book "heavy debt for Hopkins," Gardner found that Hopkins is a major reference in a previous book written by Sadler, Gardner's view that it is more likely that Sadler has a hand in writing or editing the Urantia Book than the heavenly beings who wrote it.) Similarly, many of the Urantia Books related to human evolution seem to have been taken directly from Henry Fairfield Osborn, Man Rises to Parnassus: The Critical Epoch in Human Prehistory published by Princeton University Press in 1928.
In one instance cited by Block and confirmed by Gardner and Gooch, the original author discusses the periodicity of the chemical elements and concludes that the harmony in atomic construction shows some unspecified organizational plans. The Urantia Book authors assert that this harmony is a testament to the intelligent design of the universe. W. F. G. Swann writes on page 64 of the Architecture of the Universe (italics show edits compared to Urantia Book , bolded indicates deletion):
Starting from one of them [ie, chemical element s], and noting some properties like as melting point, for example, property will change as we follow that line, but as we continue it will gradually return to conditions very similar to what we started ... The eighth element in many ways as first, the ninth as the second, the tenth as the third, and so on. Like the row of affairs the point [s] not only for the varying internal structure, but also for the particular harmony in the variation it is suggestive of some plan organized in building atoms.
Kontras dengan versi The Urantia Book :
Starting from one element, after listing some one property, such as the quality will be swapped for six sequential elements, but when it reaches the eighth, it tends to reappear, that is, the eight active chemistry first resembles elements, the second ninth, and so on. The fact that such a physical world surely refers to the seven-element constitution of the ancestral energy and is an indication of the fundamental reality of the diversity of seven times the creation of time and space.
Blocks and other believers do not see the use of source material as plagiarism, but express the opposite view that the quality of the material way borrowed is consistent with the author by the celestial beings and that the study of the source leads to a deeper understanding. from Urantia Book . Gooch, an English professor, considers that the use of these sources "reveals to us a writer with a busy genius for the discovery of metaphysical and poetic phrases whose wisdom is at best benign and most visionary." Asked by Gardner what he thought of this plagiarism, Sprunger answered in a letter saying that if a human being wrote a plagiarism book it would be annoying but not if it was written by a supermortal.
Influence
Adherents
It is difficult to measure how many followers might be because there is no central organization for the census. Informal learning groups "tend to sprout, mature, then disappear or flake" and have not counted reliably. Readers sometimes join study groups after reading for themselves over the years or decades, others joining them soon after developing interest in the book, while "for the most part, worship remains as an individual as a reading act." Disagreements about the legal ownership of the book, its interpretation, and the acceptance of new revelations have caused some divisions, although these disagreements seem to have been resolved to the satisfaction of most followers. This movement generally combines non-sectarian views, arguing that individuals of different religious backgrounds may accept the teachings of the book as an enrichment and not as a contradiction of their religion.
A small movement inspired by The Urantia Book has not developed a pastor or institution such as a church, reading room, or temple.
Sarah Lewis notes that, "The Urantia Revelation does not secure legitimacy through historically known and accepted ways to any degree, nor does it use a common language that will increase the likelihood of understanding and therefore acceptance.This introduces new concepts and new languages , and this does not make reception easier. "He considered that this movement is not controversial compared to others," lacks a vibrant prelude found in many other groups, "and therefore it will likely remain small and unaffected by opposing views.
The Urantia Foundation advocated a policy of "slow growth" in the past and has not significantly marketed the book. Sales by the Urantia Foundation increased from 7,000 in 1990 to 24,700 in 1997, and steadily increased to nearly 38,000 in 2000, a "progress that seems to represent the original trend rather than just a few spikes in sales charts," but in 2011 the Foundation reported worldwide annual sales of 16,000 copies and over 60,000 downloads from various sites. Because the book was determined to be in the public domain in 2001, other organizations, such as The Urantia Book Fellowship under the publishing name Uversa Press, have also published the book. A copy of The Urantia Book is on the Internet in various formats and has been adapted to newer platforms such as Kindle and iOS App Store. Some textbooks are also on the Internet.
The Urantia International Association had twenty-six readers' associations worldwide in 2002, and Urantia Book Fellowship (formerly Urantia Ikantitas, founded in 1955 with the Urantia Foundation as a genuine social fraternal organization of believers) claimed some twelve hundred official members, with the highest concentrations in the Western United States and the Sun Belt, especially California, Colorado, Florida, and Texas. It seems that more and more people are forming study groups, participating in internet discussion groups, and hosting or visiting websites about it.
Independent Channeler
Teaching Mission is a group of urant Urantia channels. According to Richard Landes, "The Foundation considers them to deceive themselves, but they have created a divisive part of the movement."
Vern Grimsley was a "dynamic speaker" who founded the Urantian outreach organization called the Family of God in the 1970s, initially supported by others in the movement, including the Urantia Foundation. Beginning in the early 1980s, Grimsley claimed he began hearing voices coming from the same high creature that wrote The Urantia Book, and that voices warned of the coming world war followed by a nuclear holocaust. While some people in the movement believed him, others including the Urantia Foundation concluded Grimsley's messages were false, his former friends finally began to avoid him, and in subsequent years he was said to live in obscurity.
In popular culture
- Karlheinz Stockhausen bases its seven operating cycle Licht on the cosmology of the Urantia Books .
- Stevie Ray Vaughan (1954-1990), American blues-rock guitarist: "Stevie often carries Urantia books and reads parts of Lindi from strange publications." Jimi Hendrix (1942-1970) "Jimi also has an Urantia Book, an alternative Bible... Jimi brings this book around - along with Bob Dylan's songbook - and tells friends he has learned so much from the page. "
- Jerry Garcia is a reader of the Urantia Book and claims it is "one of his favorite esoteric works"
- Kerry Livgren is quoted as saying: "In 1977, I found a book that convinced me that I had reached the end of my search, it was called The Urantia Book ...."
- Artist and toaster from Pato Banton Reggae explains in several interviews how Urantia's book discovery answers many questions he has maintained during his fifteen year spiritual quest, and how he found his personal relationship with God through it.
Symbol
One symbol described in The Urantia Book consists of three concentric blue circles on a white background. The circles are said to symbolize the trinity of God the Father, the Son, and the Spirit. When the Creator, Son Michael, who later incarnated on Earth as Jesus, went to war with Lucifer 200,000 years ago, he used a concentric circle on his banner. The symbol of Lucifer is a solid black circle in the middle of a red circle.
The Urantia Foundation, the original publisher, places a concentric circle on the cover of The Urantia Book and has a US trademark. Circles are used to indicate other organizations affiliated with the foundation. The Urantia Association International, one of the main readers in the movement, has been licensed from the Urantia Foundation to use three concentric circles of blue against a white background.
This symbol is also used in various modified forms. The Urantia Book Fellowship, an independent reader organization founded in 1955, uses a similar symbol.
See also
- Copyright on religious works
Note
References
Bibliography
Journal
- Correia, Alexandre C.M. (2004), "Taking mercury into 3/2 spin-resonance as a result of chaotic dynamics", Nature , 429 : 848-50, doi: 10.1038/nature02609 , PMIDÃ,15215857
External links
- Urantia Books on Curlie (based on DMOZ)
- The Urantia Book Historical Society
- Urantia Book Related Sites
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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