In Marxist thought, communist society or communist system is the kind of society and economic system postulated to emerge from technological advances in productive forces, representing the ultimate goal of ideological politics of Communism. A communist society is characterized by the general ownership of the means of production with free access to consumer goods and is not class and without state, implying the end of labor exploitation.
Communism is a specific stage of socio-economic development based on abundant material wealth, postulated from the advances in production technology and related changes in the social relations of production. This will enable the distribution based on the needs and social relations based on freely related individuals.
The term "communist society" must be distinguished from the Western concept of "communist state", the latter referring to a state ruled by a party that recognizes variations of Marxism-Leninism.
Video Communist society
Aspek ekonomi
The communist economic system will be characterized by sophisticated productive technology that enables material abundance, which in turn will allow free distribution of most or all of the economic output and holds the means of producing this output in general. In this case communism is distinguished from socialism, which, due to economic necessity, limits access to consumer goods and services on the basis of one's contribution.
In further contrast to the previous economic system, communism would be characterized by holding common natural resources and means of production as compared to those privately owned (as in the case of capitalism) or owned by the same public or cooperative organization restricting their access (as in case of socialism). In this sense, communism involves "property negation" in so far as there will be little economic reason for exclusive control over production assets in a material abundance environment.
The fully developed communist economic system is postulated to be developed from the previous socialist system. Marx holds to the view that socialism - a system based on social ownership of the means of production - will enable progress toward the development of a fully developed communism by advancing further productive technologies. Under socialism, with higher levels of automation, the proportion of inflated goods will be freely distributed.
Maps Communist society
Social aspects
Individuality, freedom, and creativity
Communist society will liberate the individual from long hours of work by automating the first production to a level where the average length of working day is reduced and secondly by eliminating the exploitation attached to the division between worker and owner. The communist system would liberate the individual from alienation in the sense of having a structured life around survival (making wages or salaries in the capitalist system), which Marx called the transition from "the realm of necessity" to the "nature" of freedom. "As a result, the communist society is expected as composed of intellectually-inclined populations with both time and resources to pursue creative hobbies and genuine interests, and to contribute to creative social wealth in this way.Kar Marx regards "true wealth" as the amount of time it has to pursue creative desires Marx's idea of ​​communism is radically individualistic.
Marx's concept of "the realm of freedom" goes hand in hand with his idea of ​​the end of the division of labor, which would not be necessary in a society with highly automated production and a limited role of work.
In communist societies, economic and relationship needs will cease to determine cultural and social relationships. When scarcity is eliminated, the alienated worker will stop and people will be free to pursue their individual goals.
Politics, law, and government
Marx and Engels argued that communist societies would not need a state like that in contemporary capitalist society. The capitalist state exists primarily to uphold hierarchical economic relations, to uphold exclusive control of property, and to regulate capitalist economic activity - all of which do not apply to the communist system.
Engels notes that in a socialist system the main function of public institutions will shift from being around the creation of law and control of people into technical roles as administrators of the technical production process, with the decline of the traditional political sphere as a scientific administration following the role of political decision-making. Communist society is characterized by a process of democracy, not just in terms of electoral democracy, but in the broader sense of an open and collaborative social environment and work environment.
Marx never clearly mentions whether he thinks the communist society is fair or not; other thinkers speculate that he thinks communism will transcend justice and create a society without conflict, thus, without the need for justice rules.
Transition stage
Marx also writes that between capitalist and communist societies, there will be a period of transition known as the dictatorship of the proletariat. During the earlier phase of development of society, capitalist economic relations will be gradually phased out and replaced with socialism. Natural resources will become public property, while all manufacturing and workplace centers will become socially owned and democratically administered. Production will be governed by scientific judgment and planning, eliminating what Marx calls "anarchy in production". The development of productive forces will lead to the marginalization of human labor to the highest degree, to be gradually replaced by automated labor.
Open source and peer production
Many aspects of the communist economy have emerged in recent decades in the form of open source software and hardware, where the source code and thus the means of producing software are held publicly and freely accessible to all; and for peer-producing processes in which collaborative work processes produce free software available that does not rely on monetary valuation. Michel Bauwens juxtaposes open source and peer production with "market production".
Ray Kurzweil argues that the goal of communism will be realized by the development of advanced technology in the 21st century, where low production cost intersections, material abundance and open-source design philosophy will enable the realization of the adage "of each according to his ability, each according to his needs ".
In Soviet ideology
The communist economic system was officially cited as the ultimate goal of the Soviet Communist Party in its party platform. According to the 1986 CPSU Program:
Communism is a classless social system with a form of public ownership of the means of production and with full social equality of all members of society. Under communism, the all-round human development will be accompanied by the growth of productive forces on the basis of sustainable progress in science and technology, all the springs of social wealth will flow abundantly, and the principal principle "From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs "will be implemented. Communism is a very well-organized society, socially and socially conscious people, a society in which public self-government will be formed, a society in which labor for the good of society will be an essential necessity for every person , a need that is clearly recognized, and the ability of everyone to be employed for the greatest benefit of the people.
The material and technical basis of communism presupposes the creation of productive forces that open up opportunities for the full satisfaction of the reasonable requirements of society and individuals. All productive activities under communism will be based on the use of facilities and highly efficient technical technology, and harmonious interactions between humans and nature will be assured.
At the highest phase of communism, social character and social production will become established. Through the complete elimination of the remnants of the old division of labor and the important social differences associated with it, the socially homogeneous formation of society will be completed.
Communism signifies the transformation of the socialist self-government system by the people, the socialist democracy into the highest form of public organization: the communist public self-government. With the maturation of the necessary socioeconomic and ideological preconditions and the involvement of all citizens in the administration, the socialist state - given the appropriate international conditions - will, as noted by Lenin, progressively become a transitional form "from country to non-state state." - the state body will become non-political, and the need for the state as a special political institution will gradually disappear.
The inalienable character of the communist lifestyle is the high level of awareness, social activity, discipline, and self-discipline of the members of society, where adherence to uniform and generally accepted rules of communist behavior will become an inner need and habit. of everyone.
Communism is a social system where independent development is a requirement for all free development.
In Vladimir Lenin's political theory, a classless society is a society controlled by a direct producer, organized to produce according to socially-administered goals. Such a society, Lenin suggests, will develop habits that will gradually make political representation unnecessary, because the radically democratic nature of the Soviets will lead citizens to agree with a representative management style. Only in this environment, Lenin suggested, could the country wither, deliver it in a period of communism without a state.
In Soviet ideology, Marx's concepts of "lower and higher communist phases" articulated in the Gotha Program Criticism are redefined as "socialism" and "communism" stages. The Soviet state claimed to have begun the phase of "socialist construction" during the implementation of the first Five Year Plan during the 1930s, which introduced a planned, centrally nationalized/collectivized economy. The 1962 program of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, published under the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev, claimed that socialism had been firmly established in the Soviet Union, and that the state would now develop into "full-scale communism construction", although this can be understood to refer to "technical foundations "communism is more than the disappearance of the state and the division of labor per se. However, even in the final edition of its program before the party's dissolution, the CPSU does not claim to have fully established communism, instead claiming that society is undergoing a very slow and gradual transition process.
Fictitious depictions
The novel by Iain M Banks focuses on the post-communist scarcity economy where technology progresses to such an extent that all production is automated, and of no use to money or property (other than personal items with sentimental value). Humans in a Culture are free to pursue their own interests in an open and socially-permissive society. Society has been described by some commentators as "communist-bloc" or "anarcho-communist". Bank's close associate and science fiction writer Ken MacLeod has said that Culture can be seen as the realization of Marx's communism, but adds that "however good he is to the radical left, Iain has little interest in linking the long-term possibilities of utopia to radical politics here and when he sees it, the important thing is to keep the possibility of open utopia by continuing technological advances, especially the development of space, and in the meantime to support any policy and politics in the rational and humane real world. "
See also
- Public ownership
- Commons-based peer production
- Digital commons (economy)
- Anarcho-communism
- Lower-level Communism
- Marxism
- Open source
- Economic post-scarcity
- Socialization (economy)
- Technology technician
References
Further reading
- Ollman, Bertell. "Marx's vision of Communism", Dialectical Marxism , University of New York.
- Rigi, Jakob. "Peer to Peer Production as an Alternative to Capitalism: A New Communist Horizon", Peer Production Journal .
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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