In the religions of Abraham, the messiah or the messias (Hebrew: ???????? m ?? ÃÆ'®a? ; Greek: , translit.Ã, messÃÆ'â , Arabic: ???? ?, translit.Ã, masÃÆ'®? ) is the savior or liberator of a group of people.
The concepts of moshiach , mesianism, and the Messianic Age come from Judaism, and in the Hebrew Bible; a moshiach (messiah) was the king or High Priest who was traditionally anointed with holy anointing oil. Messiah is not merely Jewish, because the Hebrew Bible refers to Koresh the Great, the king of the Achaemenid Empire, as a messiah for his decision to rebuild the Jerusalem Temple.
Ha mashiach (?????, "The Messiah", "anointed"), often referred to as melekh mashiach (??????? "Raja Messiah "), was to become a human leader, physically descended from the line of David through King David and King Solomon. He was considered to have achieved predetermined things in only one coming arrival, including the unification of the tribes of Israel, the gathering of all Jews to Israel, the rebuilding of the Temple in Jerusalem, which brought the Messianic Messiahic universal universal peace, and the world will come The specific expression, "HaMashiach" (?????, lit. "the Messiah"), does not occur in Tanakh.
In Christianity, Messiah is called Christ, from Greek: ??????? , translit.Ã, khristÃÆ'³s , translates the Hebrew word with the same meaning. The concept of Messiah in Christianity comes from the Messiah in Judaism. However, unlike the Messianic concept in Judaism and Islam, the Messiah in Christianity is the Son of God. Christ is the accepted Christian title and the title of Jesus from Nazareth, for Christians believe that the messianic prophecy in the Old Testament is fulfilled in mission, death, and resurrection. They believe that Christ will fulfill the rest of the messianic prophecy, in particular the prophecy of a future king who will come from the lineage of David and deliver the Messianic Age and the coming world of the Second Coming.
In Islam, Jesus is a prophet and MasÃÆ'®? (????), Messiah sent to Israel, and he will return to Earth at the end of the age, along with the Mahdi , and defeat al-Masih ad-Dajjal , false Messiah.
In the Ahmadiyya theology, the prophecies of the Mahdi and the second coming of Jesus have been fulfilled in Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835-1908), founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement, and the term "Messiah" and "Mahdi" are synonyms for one and the same person.
In Chabad messianism, Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn (r. 1920-1950), the sixth
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Messiah (Hebrew: ???????? ? ? , Modern Ã, Mashia? , Tiberian Ã, M ?? ÃÆ'® ?? ; in modern Jewish texts in spelled English Mashiach ; Aramaic: ????? ?, Greece: ??????? , Syriac Classic: ??????? ?, arc-Latn "title =" aramaic transliteration "> M ?? ÃÆ'® ?? , Arabic: ?????? ?, al-Mas ?? , Latin: Messias ) literally means" anointed one ". In Hebrew, Messiah is often referred to as ??? ????? ( Mele) in Tiberian vocalization, pronounced ['mele' pest '? great?] , literally meaning "Anointed King".)
The Greek Septuagint version of the Old Testament makes all thirty-nine Hebrew examples to be "anointed" ( Ma? Ãaa? ) as ??????? ( KhristÃÆ'³s ). The New Testament records the Greek transliteration ???????, Messiah twice in John.
al-Mas ?? (proper name, pronounced [mÃÆ'Â|'si :?] ) is an Arabic word for messiah. In modern Arabic, it is used as one of many titles of Jesus. Mas ?? is used by Arab Christians as well as Muslims, and is written as Yas ?? al-Masih (?????????) by Arab Christians or ?? al-mas ?? (?????????) by Muslims. The word al-Mas ?? literally means "anointed," "traveler," or "healer by caressing".
Maps Messiah
Judaism
The literal translation of the Hebrew word mashiach (the messiah) is "the anointed", which refers to the ritual of a person's purification or something by putting holy oil on it. It is used throughout the Hebrew Bible in reference to various individuals and objects; for example, a Jewish king, a priest and a Jewish prophet, the Jewish Temple and his equipment, unleavened bread, and the non-Jew king (Cyrus the Great).
In Jewish eschatology, the term refers to the future Jewish king of the Davidic line, who will be "anointed" with the sacred anointing oil, to become king of God's kingdom, and to rule the Jews during the Messianic Age. In Judaism, the Messiah is not regarded as God or the pre-existing Son of God. He is considered a great political leader who was descended from King David. That is why he is called the Messiah ben David, which means "Messiah, son of David". The Messiah, in Judaism, is regarded as a law-oriented, charismatic leader who is followed in Judaism. He will be the one who will not "judge by what his eyes see" or "decide with what the ear hears".
The belief in the coming of the future messiah is a fundamental part of Judaism, and is one of the 13 Maimonides Faith Principles.
Maimonides describes the identity of the Messiah in the following terms:
And if a king will arise from the Family of David, study the Torah and be busy with the commandments like his father, David, according to the written and oral Torah, and he will urge all Israel to follow him and to strengthen the transgression in his obedience, and to fight with God , this one should be treated as if he were anointed. If he succeeds and builds the Temple in the right place and collects Israelis scattered together, this is certainly the anointed one, and he will improve the whole world to worship the Lord together, as it is stated: "For this I will demand a nation -the tongue is clear, so they will all declare the Name of God, and to worship Him with a determination (Zephaniah 3: 9). "
Although the coming of the last messiah is a very established belief in Judaism, trying to predict the true time when the messiah will come is the preferred action. Such actions are perceived as undermining the faith that people have in religion. So in Judaism, there is no specific time when the messiah comes. Rather, it is the actions of those who determine when the Messiah will come. It is said that the messiah will come both when the world needs his most coming (when the world is so sinful and in dire need of being saved by the messiah) or deserving of it the ultimate (when genuine goodness prevails in the world).
The interpretation of a common modern rabbi is that there is a potential messiah in each generation. The Talmud, who often uses stories to create moral dots, tells of a highly respected rabbi who found the Messiah at the gate of Rome and asked him, "When will you finally come?" He was quite surprised when told, "Today." Very excited and full of anticipation, the man waited all day. The next day he came back, disappointed and confused, and asked, "You said messiah is coming 'today' but he is not coming! What's happening?" The Messiah replied, "The Bible says, 'Today, if you will but hear his voice.'"
The Kabbalistic tradition in Judaism is that the commonly discussed messiah who will deliver the period of freedom and peace, the Messiah ben David, will be preceded by the Messiah ben Joseph, who will gather the children of Israel around him, leading them to Jerusalem. After overcoming the enemy forces in Jerusalem, the Messiah ben Joseph, will rebuild the worship of the Temple and establish its own power. Then Armilus, according to one source group, or Gog and Magog, according to another, would appear with their host in Jerusalem, fight against the Messiah ben Joseph, and kill him. His body, according to one group, will lie in the streets of Jerusalem; according to another, it will be hidden by the angels with the body of the Patriarchs, until the Messiah ben David comes and revives him.
Chabad
Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn (r. 1920-1950), the sixth Rebbe (spiritual leader) of Chabad Lubavitch, and Menachem Mendel Schneerson (1902 - 1994), the seventh Rebbe of Chabad, are messianic claimants, though they never claim to be Messiahs themselves and often strongly reject the claim that they are the Messiah.
In accordance with Chabad-Lubavitch's messianism, Menachem Mendel Schneerson openly declared his deceased father-in-law, the former 6th Rebbe of Chabad Lubavitch, to become the Messiah. He published about Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn to become "Atzmus u'mehus alein vi er hat zich areingeshtalt in guf" (Yiddish and English for: "Essence and Existence [God] who has placed himself in the body" ). The grave of his deceased father-in-law Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn, known as "the Ohel ", became the focal point for Menachem Mendel Schneerson's prayers and pleas.
Regarding Menachem Mendel Schneerson who died, Chabad Halachic's decision later claimed that it was "incumbent on every Jew to heed the Rebbe's words and believe that he is indeed the Moshiach King, which will soon be revealed". Outside of Chabad's messianism, in Judaism, there is no basis for this claim. If anything, it resembles faith in Jesus' resurrection and his second coming in early Christianity.
Still today, deceased rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson is believed to be the Messiah among followers of the Chabad movement, and his second coming is believed to be imminent. She is respected and inaugurated by thousands of visitors and letters every year at Ohel , especially in the annual pilgrimage on the anniversary of her death.
Christianity
Greek translation of the Messiah is khristos ( ??????? ), erased as Christ , and Christians usually call Jesus "Christ" or "Messiah". Christians believe that the messianic prophecy is fulfilled in the mission, death, and resurrection of Jesus and that he will return to fulfill the rest of the messianic prophecy.
The majority of historical Christian theology and mainstream regard Jesus as the Son of God and the Son of God, a concept of Messiah which is fundamentally different from the concept of Judaism and Islam. In each of the four New Testament Gospels, the only literal anointing of Jesus was performed by a woman. In the Gospel of Mark, Matthew, and John, this anointing takes place in Bethany, outside Jerusalem. In the Gospel of Luke, an anointing scene takes place in an uncertain location, but the context suggests it to be in Galilee, or even a separate anointing.
Islam
While the term "messiah" appears in Islam, its meaning is very different from that found in Christianity and Judaism. "Although Islam shares many of the beliefs and characteristics of the two Semitic/Ibrahim/monotheistic religions that preceded it, the idea of ​​messianism, which is of primary importance in Judaism and Christianity, is foreign to Islam as represented by the Qur'an."
The Qur'an identifies Jesus (Isa) as the Messiah ( Still ), who will one day return to earth. On the second coming, "according to Islamic tradition, Jesus will come again and use his healing powers, he will forever destroy the falsehood, as contained in the Dajjal, the great forgery, the anti-Christ." Then God will rule forever.
Jesus was one of the most important prophets in the Islamic tradition, along with Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Muhammad. [Quran 33: 7] [Quran 42: 13-14] [Quran 57:26] Unlike Christians, seeing Jesus only as a prophet, but not as God himself or God's son. Like all the other prophets, Jesus is a human being, who receives revelation from God. According to the religious scholar Mona Siddiqui, in Islam, "Prophecy allows God to keep a hood and no suggestion in the Qur'an that God wants to reveal himself first. The prophets guarantee the interpretation of the revelation and that the message of God will be understood." The human form does not represent the true power of God, contrary to the way Jesus is depicted in mainstream Christianity.
The Qur'an states that Isa, the Son of Maryam (Arabic: Isa ibn Maryam), was the messiah and prophet sent to the Children of Israel. [Quran 3:45] The birth of Isa is described in the Quran surah 19 verse 1-33, [Quran 19: 1-33] and sura 4 verse 171 explicitly states Isa as Son of Mary. [Quran 4: 171] Sunni Muslims believe Jesus lives in Heaven and does not die in the crucifixion, as depicted in mainstream Christianity. According to religious scholar Mahmoud Ayoub, "the closeness of Jesus or the closeness (qurb) to God is emphasized in the urging of the Qur'an that Jesus did not die, but was raised to God and remained with God (Q: 3:54); ) "
Believed that Jesus would return to Earth to defeat the Still ad-Dajjal (false Messiah), a figure similar to the Antichrist, which will appear shortly before Yawm al-Qiy? Mah ("The Day of Resurrection"). The Mahdi will come shortly before the second coming of Jesus. After he destroyed the ad-Dajjal, his last duty was to become a leader of the Muslims. Isa will unite Muslims Ummah (the followers of Islam) under the common purpose of worshiping God himself in pure Islam, thereby ending the divisions and deviations by its adherents. The mainstream Muslim believed that at that point Jesus would have omitted the Christian and Jewish claims about him.
A hadith in Abu Dawud (37: 4310) says:
Narrated Abu Hurairah: The Prophet said: There is no prophet between me and him, that is, Yes. He will descend (to earth). When you see it, know him: a man with high being & amp; Dark black skin, wearing two yellow dresses, looked as if a drop of water fell from his head even though it would not get wet. He will fight for the purpose of Islam. He will break the cross , kill the pig , and end the war (in Other Traditions, there is the word Jizyah instead of Harb will eradicate jizyah); God will perish all religions except Islam. He [Isa] will destroy the Antichrist who will live on earth for forty days and then he will die. The Muslims will pray behind him.
Both Sunni and Shia Muslims agree that al-Mahdi will arrive first, and after him, Isa. Isa will declare al-Mahdi as the leader of the Islamic community. War will be fought - Dajjal against al-Mahdi and Isa. This war will mark the approach of the Day of Judgment. After Isa killed al-Dajj? L at the Lud Gate, he will testify and reveal that Islam is the true and final of God to man as Yusuf Ali's translation reads: "And there is none of the People of the Book but must believe in him before his death, and on Judgment Day he will be a witness against them. " [Quran 4: 159] A hadith in Sahih Bukhari (Sahih al-Bukhari, 4: 55: 658) says:" Allah's Apostle said "How do you will it be when Mariam's son descends between you and your Imam from among you? ""
The Qur'an denies the crucifixion of Jesus, claiming that he was not killed or crucified. Islamic Shia
Syi'ah Islam, which significantly appreciates and revolves around 12 spiritual leaders called the Imams, is significantly different from the Sunni Islamic beliefs. Unlike Sunni Islam, "Mesianism is an essential part of religious beliefs and practices for almost all Shiite Muslims." Shi'i Islam believes that the last Imam will return again, with the return of Jesus. According to religious scholar Mona Sidique, "The Shiites are very aware of the existence of any twelve Priest, who were lost in 874. Shi'i piety taught that the hidden Imam would return with Jesus Christ to establish a messianic kingdom before the Last Judgment Day , when all humanity will stand before God, the Imams and Fatima will have a direct impact on the assessment given that day, which will represent the highest intercession. "There is debate as to whether Shi'i Muslims should accept Jesus' death. The scholar of Mahmou Ayoub's religion holds that "Modern Shiite thinkers have allowed the possibility that Jesus died and only his soul was lifted to heaven." On the contrary, religious scholars Mona Siddiqui argue that Shiite thinkers believe that Jesus "was not crucified or slaughtered." He also argues that the Shiite Muslims believe that the twelve priests are not dead, but "brought to God to return to the time of the Lord," and "will return at the end of history to uphold the kingdom of God on earth as expected."
Ahmadiyya Islam
In the Ahmadiyya theology, the terms "Messiah" and "Mahdi" are synonymous terms for one and the same person. The term "Mahdi" means being guided by God, thus implies a direct ordination by God from a divinely chosen individual. According to the Ahmadiyya thinking, the Messiah is a phenomenon in which a special emphasis is given to the transformation of people by offering suffering for the sake of God rather than giving suffering (ie refrain from revenge). Ahmadiyah believes that this particular emphasis is given through Jesus' personal and Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835-1908) among others.
The followers of the Ahmadiyya argue that the eschatological figures prophesied of Christianity and Islam, Messiah and Mahdi, in fact must be met by one person who represents all previous prophets.
A number of hadiths are presented by Ahmadis to support their views, such as one of Sunan Ibn Majah, who says, "There is No Mahdi but Jesus son of Maryam."
The Ahmadiyya believe that the prophecy of the Mahdi and the second coming of Jesus has been fulfilled in Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835-1908), founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement. Unlike mainstream Muslims, Ahmadis do not believe that Jesus lived in heaven, but that he survived the crucifixion and migrated eastward where he died naturally and that Ghulam Ahmad was just the second promised spiritual arrival and similar to Jesus, the promised Messiah and Mahdi. He also claims to have appeared in the likeness of Krishna and that his appearance fulfilled certain prophecies found in Hindu scriptures. He claimed that the founder of Sikhism was a Muslim saint, which was a reflection of the religious challenge he took for granted. Ghulam Ahmad wrote Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya , in 1880, incorporating aspects of India, Sufism, Islam and the West to give life to Islam in the presence of British Raj, Protestant Christianity and the rise of Hinduism.. He then proclaimed himself as the Promised Messiah and the Mahdi following the divine revelation in 1891. Ghulam Ahmad argues that Jesus appeared 1300 years after the formation of the Muslim community and emphasized the necessity of a Messiah today, in turn claiming that he himself embodies both the Mahdi and the Messiah. Ghulam Ahmad is supported by Muslims who are particularly oppressed by Christian and Hindu missionaries.
Other traditions
- In Buddhism, Maitreya is regarded as the next Buddha (the awakened) who is promised to come. He is expected to renew the Buddhist law when the Buddhist teachings of Gautama have completely decayed.
- BahÃÆ'¡'u'llÃÆ'¡h, the founder of BahÃÆ'¡'ÃÆ' Faith, claimed to be a figure prophesied in the scriptures of world religions. His name, when translated literally, means "The Glory of God" in Arabic. According to BahÃÆ'¡'ÃÆ' Faith, BahÃÆ'¡'u'llÃÆ'¡h answers not only the timeless theological and philosophical questions of time that have lived with humans from the beginning such as: Who is God? Is that good? and why are we here? but also questions that occupy 20th century philosophers: What motivates human nature? Is true peace possible? Does God still care about mankind? and its kind. He taught that there is only one God, that all world religions are from God, and now is the time for mankind to recognize its unity and unity.
- Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia is believed to be the Messiah by followers of the Rastafari movement. This idea further supports the belief that God Himself is black, which they (followers of the Rastafarian movement) try to further strengthen by Scripture. [Jeremiah 8:21] . Even if the Emperor refused to become a messiah, the followers of the Rastafari movement believed that he was a messenger from God. To justify this, Rastafari used the excuse of the lineage of Emperor Haile Selassie, who was assumed to be from King Solomon of Israel, and the various titles given to him, which included the Lord of Lords, Kings of Kings and Lion Conquered of the tribe of Judah.
- In Kebatinan (Javanese religious tradition), Satrio Piningit is a character in the Jayabaya prophecy that is destined to become the great leader of the archipelago and to rule the world from Java. In Serat Pararaton, King Jayabaya of Kediri prophesies that before Satrio Piningit comes, there will be flash floods and volcanoes will erupt without warning. Satrio Piningit is a figure similar to Krishna, known as "Ratu Adil" (King of the Justice of Indonesia) and his weapon is a trishula.
Popular culture
- Messiah , a 2007 Persian film depicting the life of Jesus from an Islamic perspective
- The Young Messiah , American film 2016 depicting the life of Jesus' childhood from a Christian perspective
- Dune Messiah , a 1969 novel by Frank Herbert, second in his Dune trilogy, also part of the miniseries, one of the best-selling fiction works of the 1960s
- Messiah is the last persona of the protagonist of Persona 3, obtained after he understands the meaning of his journey
The following works include the mesias concept as the cause or liberation of the people:
- Jewish Messiah , a 2008 novel by Arnon Grunberg
- Messiah , the 1999 novel by Andrei Codrescu
Also see
- Kalki, a figure in Hindu eschatology
- Li Hong, a figure in Tao eschatology
- List of messenger complainants
- Jewish Messianic Fillers
- List of people who claim to be Jesus
- List of Mahdi's complainants
- Saoshyant, a figure in Zoroastrianism that brings about the final renovation of the world
- Soter
- Year 6000
Note
Bibliography
- Aryeh Kaplan, From Messiah to Christ, , New York: Orthodox Union, 2004.
- Joseph Klausner, The Ideas of the Messiah in Israel since the Early Settlement of Misnah , London: George Allen & amp; Unwin, 1956.
- Jacob Neusner, William S. Green, Ernst Frerichs, Judaism and their Messiah at the Christian Era of Change , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
External links
- Messiah in the Jewish Virtual Library
- Messiah in 1911 Encyclopæd Britannica
- The Catholic Encyclopedia: Messiah
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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