Vistula delta Mennonit settled in the delta of Vistula between the mid-16th and 1945th centuries. The Mennonites of Russia traced it to the Vistula delta Mennonites.
Video Vistula delta Mennonites
Origins
The Mennonite movement was founded by Menno Simons, a Frisian priest who left the Roman Catholic Church in 1536 and became a leader in the Anabaptist movement. The Lowland region of Friesland and Flanders as well as East Frisian and Holstein became central to the Mennonites. Religious persecution in low countries under Fernando ÃÆ'lvarez de Toledo, Duke of 3rd Alba, however forced many Mennonites to leave in the 16th century.
Maps Vistula delta Mennonites
Danzig Community
The first Anabaptist, a native of Prussia, was reported in 1526 in Marienburg (Malbork). In the 1530s Mennonite moved to the area of ​​Danzig (Gdansk) in the Polish province of Royal Prussia, a city connected to Low Countries by traditional grain trade. Menno Simons apparently visited the community in 1549 and in 1569 Dirk Philips founded the first Mennonite Church in Danzig. Soon about 1,000 Mennonites live in the city.
In 1552, the city council of Danzig allowed the Mennonites to practice their faith but refused to give the Mennonites the official status of the Citizen, the situation unchanged until the city became part of the Prussian Kingdom in 1793. As a result, most of them settled on the outskirts of Schidlitz ( Siedlce), Petershagen and Alt-Schottland (Stare Szkoty). The relationship between city council and Mennonite is often ambivalent. Although their faith was generally tolerated, local craftsmen 's protests led to a ban on Merchants and Mennonite craftsmen to participate in annual trade fairs. In 1582, a local union complaint against the work of Mennonite linen weavers by the St. Catholic church. Bridget was judged by the city council, which decided to limit the number of Mennonite weavers to one per monastery. In 1583, the council failed to ask the King of Poland to drive Mennonit on the outskirts of Alt-Schottland while in 1586 the King asked the council not to tolerate this "human plague" within the city.
However, the Mennonite community in Danzig grew up and played an important role in grain trading with the Low Countries.
Vistula Delta Settlement
While the Mennonite situation in the city is often complicated, the settlement in the area along the Vistula becomes an interesting alternative.
The large area of ​​the Vistula Delta is within city ownership or burghers (citizens). But this area was destroyed in a horseback war and subsequently destroyed by severe floods in 1540. In 1543, the city council reported that many villages that used to be 15 to 20 farms ceased to exist.
Michael Loitz, a Danzig councilman and merchant, had received a three-year lease on the river Tiege (Tuga) by the King of Poland and in 1562 he invited the Mennonites to settle here and cultivate the Vistula swamps. Low country-style windmills to drain swamps and Friesian-style homes create this area from now on. Mennonites are allowed to run their own schools but have to pay tuition for public schools as well. While these allegations remain undisputed, duties to the local Catholic parish and Lutheran parish are often rejected.
The different origins of Mennonites are enshrined in different theological opinions. While the liberal "Friesian" merchant group is part of the Danzig community, the more conservative "Flemish" group dominates along the Vistula. The "Flemish" group maintained close links with the Low Countries, printed the Dutch-speaking Bible and invited Dutch preachers, while Dutch influence in the delta region declined.
Plautdietsch, a mixture of the Eastern Prussian and Prussian dialects of the Vistula Delta, became the typical language of the Mennonites in the region. The first German-speaking sermon at the Mennonite church in Danzig in 1762 caused protests by members of the community and led to his return to Dutch. The first German-speaking sermon in the Mennonite church of Danzig in 1762 (after 200 years in Mennonite life in the region) caused protests by members of the community; the use of high German will be one of the basic motivations for the next migration to Russia. In 1768, the German hymn book was used and only a few members continued to speak Dutch. Mennonites from Friesland and Flanders in the delta for many years also joined the Mennonites from other regions, mainly Switzerland and Saxony. Some Poles became Mennonites and assimilated into the Vistula delta Mennonites.
further emigration
In 1772, the Vistula and Danzig suburbs became part of the Prussian Kingdom after the Polish Partition of Danzig City after the second partition in 1793 (with 577 Mennonites).
In 1772, 12,032 Mennonites lived in the Prussian region now. Although their faith is tolerated, Mennonites are subject to special laws and supplementary taxes. Only those who had served in the Prussian Army were allowed to buy land, the conscientious opponents were subjected to specific allegations. These regulations caused a large number of young Mennonite without economic prospects.
In 1786, Georg von Trappe, a Russian government colonization agent, attempted to recruit settlers for a recently conquered area of ​​the Ottoman Empire. In the following decades, some 6,000 Mennonites, mostly from delta settlements, set out for Russia, forming the roots of the Mennonite of Russia. The first Mennonite settlement in Russia, Chortitza Colony, was founded by migrants in 1789.
Mennonites living in the Vistula delta are increasingly assimilated. In the liberation war of 1813, several Mennonite youths were prepared to join forces against Napoleon. In the Spring of Nations of 1848, Mennonites joined the armed city militia ( BÃÆ'¼rgerwehr ), which included the right to bear arms. When, after the founding of the North German Confederation, general conscription was created, the Danzig community succeeded in receiving extraordinary permission to serve only in non-combat troops; However, a group of Mennonites emigrated to North America to avoid all kinds of military service.
At the end of World War II, about 1,000 Mennonites lived in Danzig. Along with the rest of the German-speaking population, Mennonites were expelled after World War II to the remaining parts of Germany, many of whom moved to North and South America (including Uruguay).
Famous members
- Johann Cornies
- Jacob Hoeppner
- Hilmar Kopper
- Wilhelm Mannhardt
- Klaas Reimer
Mennonite settlement
References
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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