Fate of the unlearned

src: discourse-cdn-sjc1.com

the unlearned destiny , also known as destiny from the unevangelized , is the eschatological question of the final destiny of those who have not been exposed to a particular theology or doctrine. and thus have no chance to accept it. The question is whether those who have never heard of the requirements issued through divine revelation will be punished for failing to comply with these requirements.

Sometimes discussed in combination with similar questions about the fate of unbelievers. Different faith traditions have different responses to the question; in Christianity the fate of the uneducated person deals with the question of original sin. Because some people argue that rigid reading of religious texts requires harsh punishment for those who have never heard the religion, sometimes raised as arguments against the existence of God, and is generally accepted as an extension or sub-section of the problem. crime.

Video Fate of the unlearned

Christianity

In the early Church, Justin Martyr, a Father of the Church, taught that those who live according to the logo are Christians, although they may not know about Jesus Christ. Tertullian thought that Christ had come down to Hades to preach the Gospel, with Clement of Alexandria, Origen and Athanasius declaring that "Jesus was released from hell, both Jews and Gentiles who accepted the gospel and that postmortem evangelism continues even today". However, Augustine of Hippo believes that untutored people are condemned to hell and Thomas Aquainas argues that those who are "raised in the forest or among wolves" will be sent "the gospel message through amazing ways."

Catholic

The Catholic Church believes that Jesus Christ achieved salvation "for all people with his death on the cross, but some may choose to reject it." It teaches that salvation comes from "God only," but that the Church is the "mother" and "teacher" of the faithful. Thus, "all salvation comes through the Church", and the Catholic Church mediates the salvation of Christ through the sacraments. In particular, it teaches that Christian baptism is necessary for salvation, and that the Catholic Church is also needed as a "universal sacrament of salvation", but that some may join the Church through baptism of desire or by baptism of blood (martyrdom) without ritualistic baptism, salvation also through the Church. "Divine and Catholic Faith", is not polluted by a deliberate bid'ah, and love is also necessary for salvation, like dying in a state of grace. Catholic teaching makes it possible for the salvation of a person with a genuine ignorance of the Catholic Church, who "seeks righteousness and does the will of God according to his understanding of it". The unbaptized catechumen can be saved, in the Catholic view, for the desire to receive the sacrament of baptism, along with a genuine conversion to one's sins, together with the attainment of "divine and Catholic faith", ensures salvation. In the case of pious uneducated men, "It may be presumed that such people will want Baptism explicitly if they already know their needs" and, by extension, God can allow them to achieve salvation.

Protestant

In Protestantism, the issue centers on whether those who have not heard the gospel receive salvation or condemnation. The French reformer John Calvin affirmed the extra doctrine of Ecclesiam nulla salus, writing in his book the Institute of Christianity at the time of the Reformation, "beyond the bounds of the Church there is no remission of sins, no salvation, expected to "[IV.i.iv]. Calvin writes also that "those who become Fathers, the Church must also be mothers", echo the words of the originator of his own Latin phrase Cyprian: "He can no longer have God for his Father who has no Church for his mother." affirmed in the Puritan, Westminster Confession of Westminster 1647 that "the invisible Church... is the Kingdom of the Lord Jesus Christ, the house and the family of God, where there is no possibility of ordinary salvation."

This dogma is related to the universal Protestant dogma that the Church is the body of all believers and the debate in Protestantism usually centers on the meaning of "church" ( ecclesiam ) and "separate" ( extra ). The theologian John Sanders notes that "Although God's decision on this matter is final, the church never approves the nature of that decision." Sanders and Clark Pinnock propose a position known as "inclusivism," in which many unevangelized people will receive salvation because they have faith in God as they know it (like Hindus or Muslims, for example), and they are saved by the work of Christ. With regard to unlearned fate, Willard Francis Mallalieu, a Methodist bishop, writes in Some Methodical Things Stand For :

Beginning with the assumption that salvation is possible for every redeemed soul, and that all souls are redeemed, he has held firm to the fundamental doctrine that repentance to God and faith in our Lord Jesus Christ is a condition established by the divine by which all obedience can be saved, who are smart enough to be morally responsible, and have heard the good news of salvation. At the same time Methodism insists that all non-violating children, and all irresponsible persons, are saved by the grace of God revealed in Christ's redemptive work; and, furthermore, that everyone in every country, who fears God and works with righteousness, is accepted by him, through Christ who died for them, even though they had never heard of him. This view of redemption has been held and defended by Methodist theologians from the beginning. And it can be said with increasing emphasis that it praises itself to all wise and unprejudiced thinkers, for this, that it is rational and the Bible, and at the same time honorable to God and merciful and merciful to man.

The United Methodist Church thus has a prayer for the dead for unmarried children and those who "do not recognize the Christian faith": we "do the people we love to your never failing love, for this life and life will come. '"Methodist funeral liturgy for non-Christians begs God to" look good... to them... who barely know your grace.... Forgive also those who have left this life ignorant or your disobedience.We implore to them in the spirit of him who prayed, 'Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do.' "Likewise, the Church of England, the mother Church of the Anglican Federation has a prayer for the uneducated:" The Lord of infinite mercy and justice, which has made man in your own image, and does not hate anything you have made, we rejoice in your love for all creation and praise all mankind for you, in which will your will be done. "The Christian Reformed Church (CRC), in her funeral, had" a prayer for those who sinned openly " we place in your merciful hand N.... His life is filled with sin and struggle, but only you... thinks what the mustard seed of faith... is hidden in his heart. " He also prays for those "who are not known as Christians", namely "we praise N... for your concern, knowing that you... will do the right thing".

Latter-day Saints

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, (LDS Church) or Mormonism, teaches that those who die without knowledge of LDS theology will have the opportunity to receive knowledge of the gospel of Jesus Christ in the spirit world. Latter-day Saints believe that God has provided a way for all mankind to have an opportunity to hear the gospel message, and thus be able to choose whether to accept it or not. Mormon asserts that modern revelation has clarified and affirmed the biblical record that during the three days between death and resurrection Christ went "and preached to spirits in prison" (1 Peter 3:19, see also 1 Peter 4: 6), at the time where he also commands other spirits to "go and bring the light of the gospel to those who are in darkness, even unto all the spirits of men" (Doctrine and Covenants 138: 30). Since Latter-day Saints believe that all people must receive the proper ordinances to enter the Kingdom of Heaven, members of the LDS Church today participate in massive genealogical efforts to gather the names of those who have died, and then act as representatives in ordinances were made on behalf of their deceased ancestors in the LDS temples. The beneficiaries of this temple work are then free to accept or reject the representative ordinances performed on their behalf.

Mormons do not believe that children come into the world with guilt, because Jesus Christ redeemed the "real mistake"; therefore no one is cursed by original sin and the people are accountable only for their own sins after they reach the age of accountability. Those who are unable to understand right and wrong, such as mental disability, are also saved under the atonement of Jesus Christ without baptism.

In Mormon belief, only "children of destruction" choose to reject Jesus after receiving a certain knowledge of him who is destined for a form of Hell called outer darkness.

Jehovah's Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses do not see any dilemma between this issue and what the scriptures teach. They believe that because of Adam's rebellion (the first man created) all humans inherited sin and death. (Romans 5:12) God, in his love, sent his son, Jesus Christ, to redeem mankind from that pitiful condition, and to help them attain eternal life. (John 3:16, 36) Because they understand that faith in that provision is the only way to benefit, they see their preaching work as urgent and urgent. (Romans 3: 25,26; 10: 14,15) They believe that at a given time, once sufficient time has been given for complete witness, Jesus Christ will take his royal authority and end corrupt systems. which is on earth today. (Matthew 24:14) Those who have true faith living at that time will be able to survive and form the foundation of a just and new world under the benign and just rule of Jesus Christ. (Revelation 7:14, 16, 17)

If at the time specified for judgment there are some that can not be reached with a safety message, because government restrictions or other causes are beyond the witness's control, they believe that the principle of community responsibility can be applied to them.. Likewise, they believe that the children of Jehovah's Witnesses can be saved even if they have not yet been baptized because they have not reached an age where they can make their own decisions. For all other cases, they view baptism as a "demanded for good relationship with God" through faith in Jesus Christ. (1 Peter 3:21) However, their official journal, the Watchtower, states: "When the time of judgment arrives, the extent to which Jesus will consider community responsibility and family worthiness We can not say, and there is no point in speculating. Corinthians 7:14.) "

Jehovah's Witnesses believe that there is another group that will achieve salvation, this one in heaven. (Revelation 14: 1, 3) They believe that this group began to be gathered first, beginning with the apostles of Jesus and his first disciples. Jesus calls this group "small flock". (Luke 12:32) Sometime before the end of this system comes, they are resurrected as spiritual beings (Php 3:20, 21; 1Cor 15:51, 52). They believe that this group will join Jesus Christ in the new world government. (Revelation 20: 6) They believe that most Christians today are not members of this group, but for those who will live in perfection on Earth forever. (Psalm 37:10, 11, 29)

Regarding the billions of people who will die before that time and who are not part of the "small flock" group, Jehovah's Witnesses believe that they will be resurrected, here on Earth, during the millennial reign of Christ. (John 5:28, 29) It includes those who have never had the opportunity to hear about the message of Jesus Christ, as well as faithful servants of God who died before the ransom sacrifice of Jesus Christ was paid. (John 3:13, Acts 24:15) Jesus intended to bring them back to life, on Earth, and judge them according to how they behave at that time, not in accordance with what they had done in their previous lives.

They base that belief on the fact that the Bible states that "the wages of sin pay is death". (Romans 6:23) To them this means that death is a single punishment set for every sin committed during one's lifetime. When a person dies, God, in a sense, forgets all the injustices that the person does. (Ecclesiastes 9: 5,6) "For the dead have been set free from their sins." (Rom 6: 7) Therefore, they believe that when Jesus uses his authority to raise people, it will give them a second chance, on the basis of his ransom sacrifice. Their behavior during that time will be symbolically written in a new scroll, the "scroll of life". (Revelation 20:12, 13) Those who prove unworthy because of a persistent rebellion against their creator will be symbolically cast into the "lake of fire", symbolizing eternal destruction, the "second death". (Revelation 20: 7-10, 14) Moreover, eternal heaven of peace, justice, and love awaits. (2 Peter 3:13; Revelation 21: 3, 4)

Maps Fate of the unlearned

Islam

Similar problems exist in Islam, because different authorities in faith have issued different theories about the fate of those who do not know about Muhammad or Allah. Islam generally rejects the possibility that those who have never heard of the revelations embodied in the Qur'an may automatically be punished.

According to the Qur'an, the basic criterion for salvation in the hereafter is the belief in one God, the Last Judgment, the acceptance and obedience of what is in the Qur'an and ordained by the prophet, and good deeds. As the Qur'an states:

Surely those who believe (Muslims) and the Jews and Sabians and Christians who believe in God (God) and the last day and do good - they will not be afraid nor will they grieve.

The Qur'an also affirms that those who reject Allah's Apostle with their best knowledge are damned in the Hereafter and if they reject Allah's Apostle in front of him, then they also face the terrible destiny in this world and in the Hereafter (see Itmam al-hujjah). On the contrary, someone who discovers monotheism without being contacted by a messenger is called Hanif. But it must be remembered, Islam also states every community in the world, no matter how isolated, has sent at least one prophet to teach them. Thus, this belief restricts the possibility of people not hearing God's message. Part of the story of Ibrahim in the Quran ^{[Quran 6:74]} also states that every human being is able to find the one true God with their own common sense.

One view is that "A person who has never heard of Islam or the Prophet... and who has never heard the message in the right and true form, will not be punished by God if he dies unbelieving." If asked what his fate is, the answer is that God will test it on the Day of Resurrection: if he obeys, he will go to heaven and if he disobey he will go to hell. "But even those who have not heard the message will stick to the standard of conduct:" Because everyone is Muslim who are born, those who have never heard of Islam are only responsible for not doing what is commonly taught to them who consciously violate God's law will be punished for their mistakes. "Under this view, those who have not heard the message" forgiven, "and God" rewards those people for the good they have done, and they enjoy their blessings, thanks to Heaven. " A similar view is that "if such people find the Creator through the use of reason, even if they do not know His Names or Attributes, they will be saved, if they do not do this they will not be saved."

Some people will extend this grace to incompetent evangelism, that is, to those "who have been contacted by Muhammad's name but who have been given false accounts," and for whom it is said that they "have not rejected the true Islam, but only the version which are distorted and therefore they will be judged in the same category as those who have never heard of Islam in the first place. "

The more complicated question of what will happen, for example, for people of religion other than Judaism and Christianity is significantly more controversial. There is a particularly controversy about the meaning of the word "Sabians". The old presence of Islam in South Asia, however, has spawned many debates about the status of Hindus, who have run the whole between the more standard dismissal of Hinduism as shirk, or polytheism, to some Muslims, such as Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan will even admit Rama and Krishna as prophets of Islam are not mentioned explicitly in Muslim scriptures - thus making Hindus equal to Christians or Jews.

src: images.genius.com

More positions

Uninvolved people's problems do not appear in religious or spiritual traditions such as Deism, Pandeism, and Pantheism, which do not include revelation or require adherence to the disclosed rules. In Deism, some believe that individuals will be judged by one's obedience to the laws of nature about right and wrong to be acquired by mere exercise of intellect, and thus, the failure to carry the ground in an effort to make this determination itself is the cause of punishment.

In Buddhism, all souls, whether evangelised or not, will continue to be reincarnated until they reach Nirvana. However, Buddhist scholars say that "any suggestion that enlightenment is immediately available to anyone who really wants it, even if he has never heard of Buddhism, is likely to be accepted with unbelief or even hatred."

Dante tried to answer this question with the first degree of Hell in Divine Comedy, where the idolaters live. They are described as those who lived before the time of Jesus and therefore can not enter the Purgatory or Heaven. Among them is Virgil, Dante's guide through Hell and Purgatory.

src: img02.deviantart.net

See also

src: f4.bcbits.com

References

src: www.pinejournal.com

Further reading

Culbertson, Howard (26 April 2007). "Destiny from unevangelized: Do the unbelievers really disappear?". University of Southern Nazarene. Archived from the original on April 10, 2008 . Retrieved March 22 2011 .

Source of the article : Wikipedia