Memento is a 2000 American psycho neo-noir thriller written and directed by Christopher Nolan, and produced by Suzanne and Jennifer Todd. The script of the film is based on pitch by Jonathan Nolan, who later wrote the story "Memento Mori" from the concept. It stars Guy Pearce, Carrie-Anne Moss, and Joe Pantoliano.
The Pearce stars as humans who, due to past trauma, have anterograde amnesia (inability to form new memories) and have short-term memory loss of about every five minutes. He searched for those who attacked him and killed his wife, using a complicated system of Polaroid photographs and tattoos to track information that she could not remember. Memento is presented as two sequences of different scenes interspersed during the movie: the black-and-white series is displayed chronologically, and a series of color sequences are displayed in reverse order (simulations for the viewers of the protagonist's mental state). The two sequences meet at the end of the film, producing a complete and cohesive narrative.
Memento aired on September 5, 2000, at the Venice International Film Festival and released in European cinemas beginning in October. It became a huge success, recognized by critics who praised the nonlinear narrative structure and motives of memory, perception, sadness, and self-deception, and generated $ 39.7 million over $ 9 million in budget. It received numerous awards, including Academy Award nominations for Best Original Screenplay and Best Film Editing. The film then ranked one of the best movies of the 2000s by some critics and media outlets. Memento is considered "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant" by the US Congress Library and elected for preservation at the National Film Registry in 2017.
Video Memento (film)
Plot
The film begins with a Polaroid photo of a dead man. When the sequence rotates the photo back to an undeveloped state, enter the camera before the man is shot in the head. The film then continues, alternating between black and white and color sequences.
The black and white sequence begins with Leonard Shelby, an insurance investigator, in a motel room talking to an invisible and unknown caller. Leonard has an anterograde amnesia and can not keep recent memories, the result of an attack by two people. Leonard explains that he killed the attacker who raped and strangled his wife, but the second hit him and escaped. The police did not accept that there was a second attacker, but Leonard believed the attacker's name was John or James, with his last name starting with G. So Leonard made his own investigation using a record system, Polaroid photos, and tortuous tattoos.. From his work in the insurance industry, Leonard recalls his fellow american anterograde, Sammy Jankis. Sammy's diabetic wife, unsure of whether her condition was genuine, repeatedly sought Sam's help with insulin injections; she hopes she will remember having given her a shot and will stop herself from giving another one before she dies of an overdose. However, Sammy continued to give injections, and his wife suffered a fatal coma.
The color sequence is displayed in reverse-chronologically. In the chronology of the story, Leonard directly directs the tattoo plate number John G. Finds a note in his clothes, he meets Natalie, a bartender who hates Leonard because she is dressed and drove her boyfriend, Jimmy Grantz. After understanding Leonard's condition, he used it to make Leonard ride a man named Dodd out of town and offered to run the license plate as an aid. Meanwhile, Leonard meets a contact, Teddy, who helps with Dodd, but warns about Natalie. However, a photograph caused Leonard not to trust Teddy. Natalie gives Leonard with a driver license for John Edward Gammell, Teddy's full name. Confirming Leonard's information about "John G" and his warning, Leonard pushed Teddy into an abandoned building, leading to the opening, where he shot him.
In the last black-and-white sequence, requested by the caller, Leonard meets with Teddy, an undercover officer, who has found Leonard's "John G," Jimmy, and directs Leonard to the abandoned building. When Jimmy arrives, Leonard strangles him cruelly and takes Polaroid photos of his body. As the photo progresses, the black-and-white transition to the last color sequence. Leonard exchanged clothes with Jimmy, heard him whisper, "Sammy." Since Leonard only told the story of Sammy to the people he met, he suddenly doubted Jimmy's role. Teddy arrives and confirms that Jimmy is John G, but when Leonard is unaffected, Teddy reveals that he helped him kill the real attacker a year ago, and he has been using Leonard ever since. Teddy points out that since the name "John G" is common, Leonard will cyclically forget and start over and that even Teddy himself has the name "John G". Furthermore, Teddy claims that Sammy's story is Leonard's own story, a memory that Leonard has been depressed to escape from guilt.
After hearing Teddy's explanation, Leonard consciously burned Jimmy's picture, writing a message for himself in Teddy's picture that he should not trust Teddy, and go in Jimmy's car. He then has Teddy's number plate number on himself, as if Teddy is the second attacker, causing Teddy's death.
Maps Memento (film)
Cast
Movie structure
The sujet (syuzhet), or movie presentation, is composed with two timelines: one in color and one in black and white. The color sequence alternates in black and white order. The latter is unified in chronological order. The colored ones, though shown forward (except the first ones, are displayed in reverse), are ordered in reverse. Chronologically, the black-and-white sequence comes first, the sequence of colors comes next.
Use the numbering scheme suggested by Andy Klein in his article for Salon magazine that takes numbers from 1 to 22 for sequences and black-and-white letters and AV letters for mapped colors from movies as presented: (shown "backwards"), 1, V, 2, U, 3, T, 4, S,..., 22/A, Credits.
There is a smooth transition of the black-and-white sequence 22 to the A color sequence and it occurs during the manufacture of Polaroid photographs.
The fabula of the movie (chronological order of the story) can be viewed as a "Hidden Feature" on 2-Disc Limited Edition Region 1 DVD and 3-Disc Special Edition Region 2 DVD. In this particular feature, the movie chapters are put together in chronological order and displayed: Ending Credits (executed reversed), 1, 2, 3,..., 22, A, B,..., V, then the opening title goes "backwards" to what is shown (the opening title sequence is run in reverse during the actual movie, so it is shown forward in this version).
Stefano Ghislotti wrote an article in the Anthology Film that discusses how Nolan gives viewers the clues needed to decode sujet as we watch and help us understand fabula from it. The color sequence includes short overlaps to help direct the audience to the fact that they are presented in reverse order. The goal of fragmented reverse decomposition is to force viewers into the sympathetic experience of the defective ability of Leonard to create new long-term memories, where previous events are not remembered, as the audience has not seen them.
Production
Development
In July 1996, Christopher and Jonathan Nolan's brothers traveled across the country from Chicago to Los Angeles, when Christopher moved his house to the West Coast. During the trip, Jonathan threw the story for the film to his brother, who responded enthusiastically to the idea. After they arrived in Los Angeles, Jonathan left for Washington, D.C., to finish college at Georgetown University. Christopher repeatedly asked Jonathan to send his first draft, and after a few months, Jonathan obeyed. Two months later, Christopher came up with the idea of ​​telling the movie backwards, and started working on the scenario. Jonathan wrote short stories simultaneously, and the brothers kept corresponding, sending each other revisions of their respective works. Christopher originally wrote the script as a linear story, and then would "go back and reset it in a way on the screen to check that logic."
Jonathan's short story, titled "Memento Mori," is radically different from Christopher's movie, though it retains the same essential elements. In the Jonathan version, Leonard was named Earl and a patient in a mental institution. As in the film, his wife was killed by an anonymous man, and during the attack on his wife, Earl lost his ability to create new long-term memories. Like Leonard, Earl left a note for himself and had a tattoo with information about the killer. However, in the short story, Earl convinces himself through his own written record to escape from the mental institution and kill his wife's killer. Unlike the movie, there is no ambiguity that Earl finds and kills the nameless man.
In July 1997, Nolan's girlfriend Emma Thomas showed her script to Aaron Ryder, an executive for Newmarket Films. Ryder says the script is, "probably the most innovative script I've ever seen", and soon after, it was chosen by Newmarket and given a budget of $ 4.5 million. Pre-production lasts seven weeks, where the main shooting location changes from Montreal, Quebec to Los Angeles, California, to create a more realistic and noirish atmosphere for movies.
Casting
Brad Pitt was originally scheduled to play Leonard. Pitt was interested in that part, but passed because of scheduling conflicts. Other actors are considered to include Aaron Eckhart (who later will work with Nolan on The Dark Knight) and Thomas Jane, but the role goes to Guy Pearce, who impressed Nolan the most. Pearce was chosen in part because of his "lack of celebrities" (after Pitt graduated, they "decided to distance themselves from chasing A-list stars and make movies with less money by using affordable quality actors"), and his enthusiasm for the role. , evidenced by Pearce's private phone call made to Nolan to discuss the passage.
After being impressed by Carrie-Anne Moss's appearance as Trinity in the science fiction film 1999 The Matrix , Jennifer Todd suggested her for part of Natalie. While Mary McCormack lobbied for the role, Nolan decided to throw Moss as Natalie, saying, "She added an enormous amount to Natalie's role that was not on the page". For a corrupt police officer, Teddy, "Denis Leary's comedian was mentioned, although proved unavailable". Moss suggests his co-star from The Matrix Joe Pantoliano. Although there are fears that Pantoliano might be too evil for that part, he is still being cast, and Nolan says he's surprised by the actors' subtlety in his performance.
The rest of the movie characters were quickly cast after three main directives were established. Stephen Tobolowsky and Harriet Sansom Harris played Sammy Jankis and his wife, respectively. Mark Boone Junior landed the role of Burt, the motel officer, because Jennifer Todd liked the "appearance and attitude" for the part (as a result she has reappeared in a small role in other productions by Nolan).
Filming
Filming took place from 7 September to 8 October 1999, a shooting schedule of 25 days. Pearce was on the set every day during filming, although the three main actors (including Pantoliano and Moss) only performed together on the first day, recording the exterior scene outside Natalie's house. All the Moss scenes finished in the first week, including follow-up scenes at Natalie's house, Ferdy's bar, and the restaurant where she met Leonard for the last time.
Pantoliano returns to set late in second week to continue filming his scene. On September 25, the crew shot the opening scene where Leonard killed Teddy. Though the scene was in a backward motion, Nolan used a voice that was rotated forward. For one shot shell casing flying up, the shell should be dropped in front of the camera in forward motion, but it keeps sliding out of the frame. Nolan was forced to blow the chassis out of the frame instead, but in confusion, the crew shot back. They then have to make optics (shot copy) and reverse the shot to make it go forward again. "It was a level of complexity in terms of film," Nolan said. "An optical to make a forward shot ran backward, and the shot forward was a simulated shot back."
The next day, on September 26, Larry Holden returned to shoot the order in which Leonard attacked Jimmy. After filming five days later, Pearce's voices were recorded. For the black-and-white scene, Pearce was given freedom of control to improvise his narrative, allowing him to feel the documentary.
The Travel Inn in Tujunga, California, is repainted and used as the interior of motel rooms of Leonard and Dodd as well as the exterior of Discount Inn movies. The scene at Sammy Jankis's home was shot in a suburban house close to Pasadena, while Natalie's home was located in Burbank. The crew plans to shoot a set of derelict buildings (where Leonard killed Teddy and Jimmy) in a Spanish-style brick building owned by a railway company. However, one week before the shoot started, the company placed several dozen cars outside the building, making the exterior unfiltered. Because the interior of the building has been built as a set, a new location must be found. An oil refinery near Long Beach was used instead, and the scene in which Leonard burned his wife's possessions was filmed on the other side of the refinery.
Music
David Julyan compiled the film synthesis score. Julyan recognizes several synthesized soundtracks that inspire him, such as Vangelis's Blade Runner and Hans Zimmer's The Thin Red Line . When composing the score, Julyan creates different distinct sounds to distinguish between colors and black and white scenes: the "contemplative and classical" theme in the first, and the "oppressive and crude voice" on the second. Because he describes the whole score as the "Leonard theme", Julian says, "The emotion I am going to with my music misses and loses, but the sense of loss you feel but at the same time you do not know what it is you have lost,. "Initially, Nolan wanted to use Radiohead's" Paranoid Android "at the end of the credit, but he could not secure his rights. Instead, David Bowie "Something in the Air" is used, although other Radiohead songs, long versions of "Treefingers", are included in the movie soundtrack.
Release
The film received a substantial word-of-mouth press from the film festival circuit. It premiered at the 2000 Venetian Film Festival, where he received a standing ovation, and then played at the Deauville American Film Festival and the Toronto International Film Festival. With the publicity of this event, Memento has no trouble finding foreign distributors, opening in more than 20 countries around the world. His promotional tour ended at the Sundance Film Festival, where he played in January 2001.
Finding American distributors turned out to be more troublesome. Memento has been screened for various studio heads (including Miramax head Harvey Weinstein) in March 2000. Although most executives love movies and praise Nolan's talents, all are shared to distribute images, believing that it is too confusing and will not attracted a lot of audience. After renowned independent film director Steven Soderbergh saw the film and learned that the film was not being distributed, he championed the film in interviews and public events, even giving more publicity, even though he did not get a distributor. Newmarket, in a financially risky move, decided to distribute the film itself. After the first few weeks of distribution, Memento has reached more than 500 theaters and earned a total of $ 25 million domestically in its box-office run. The film's success was staggering for those who left the film, so much so that Weinstein realized his mistake and tried to buy a movie from Newmarket.
Marketing
Jonathan Nolan designed the film's official website. As with the Blair Witch Project's marketing strategy, the website is intended to provide further instructions and hints for the story, while not providing any concrete information. After a brief intro on the website, viewers displayed newspaper clippings detailing Leonard's murder of Teddy. Clicking on the highlighted words in the article leads to more material explaining the film, including Leonard notes and photographs and police reports. The filmmakers used another tactic by sending Polaroid drawings to people at random, describing a bloody and unshaven Leonard pointing to an unmarked spot on his chest. Since Newmarket distributes the film itself, Christopher Nolan edited the movie trailer itself. Sold to cheap cable TV channels like Bravo and A & amp; E, and websites like Yahoo and MSN, trailers are the key to this movie getting extensive public notice.
Home media
Memento was released on DVD and VHS in the United States and Canada on September 4, 2001, and in the UK on January 14, 2002. The English edition contains hidden features that allow viewers to watch movies in chronological order. The Canadian version does not have this feature but the movie chapters are set to do this manually or through DVD programming. The original US release lacked chronologically or properly regulated chapters to do so.
The film was later re-released in a limited edition DVD featuring an audio commentary by Christopher Nolan, an original short story by Jonathan Nolan who became the base of the film, and Sundance Channel documentary about the filming. The limited edition DVD also contains hidden features that allow viewers to watch movies in chronological order.
The Limited Edition DVD is packaged to look like a Leonard case file from a mental institution, with notes written by "doctors" and Leonard on the inside. The DVD menu is designed as a series of psychological tests; viewers must choose certain words, objects, and multiple choice answers to play movies or access special features. "Notes" Leonard on DVD case offers instructions for navigating DVDs.
Memento was re-released in the UK on a 3-disc Special Edition DVD on December 27, 2004. This release contains all the special features available in two US releases in one package plus several new interviews. The menu appears as a tattoo on the body and is more straightforward than a 2-disc DVD US edition.
Memento was released on Blu-ray on August 15, 2006. This release has no special features found on the Limited Edition DVD, but includes audio commentary by director Christopher Nolan. Single-layer discs have a transfer of MPEG-2 1080p and PCM 5.1 surround audio. The film was also released on iTunes as a digital download.
The film was re-released on Blu-ray and DVD in the United States on February 22, 2011 by Lionsgate after the film's 10th anniversary. Both Blu-ray and DVDs have new transfers also shown in theaters recently. In addition to the transfer, Blu-ray contains a new special featurette by Nolan on film legacy.
Reception
box office
Memento is a box office success. In the United States, during its opening weekend, it was released only in 11 theaters, but at week 11 it was distributed to over 500 theaters. It grossed more than $ 25 million in North America and $ 14 million in other countries, making a total worldwide gross film of around $ 40 million as of August 2007. During the run of the theater, it did not put any higher than the eighth in the list of highest- the best-selling movie for a week.
Critical response
Memento was greeted with critical acclaim, earning a 92% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Online movie critic James Berardinelli gave the film four of the four stars, ranking number one on his Top ten list and number sixty three in his All-Time Top 100 movie. In his review, he referred to it as "a very interesting picture, an amazingly open film [that] will be remembered by many who see it as one of the best films of the year". Berardinelli praised the narrative behind the film, saying that "what separates this film is its brilliant and innovative structure," and notes that Guy Pearce gives "an extraordinary, strict, and absolutely reassuring appearance." In 2009, Berardinelli chose Memento as his # 3 best movie of the decade. William Arnold of Seattle Post-Intelligencer wrote that Memento is a "one-time treat", and emphasizes that director Christopher Nolan "not only makes Memento works as a non-linear puzzle film, but as a tense, atmospheric thriller ". Rob Blackwelder notes that "Nolan has a crackerjack command on the ins and outs of this story, he makes every element of the film into a clue to a bigger picture... when the story returns to the origin of [Leonard]" search.
However, not all critics are impressed with the structure of the film. Marjorie Baumgarten writes, "In the future development, the narrative will garner little interest, thus making the story upside down to the film maker's arrogance." Sean Burns of Philadelphia Weekly commented that "For all its formal magic, Memento ultimately is a very cool intellectual gameplay, once the deep sensations of the puzzle structure begin. faded, there's nothing left to hang in. The movie itself fades like one of Leonard's memories. "While Roger Ebert gave this movie three of four lucrative stars, he did not think it justified some of the display. After watching Memento twice, he concluded that "Greater understanding helps at the plot level, but does not enrich the viewing experience. Confusion is the circumstance we want to face." Jonathan Rosenbaum did not like the film, and commented in his review of The Eternal Sunshine from the Immature Mind Memento is the "deceit and fake" of Alain Resnais in 1968 Je t'aime, je t'aime .
In 2005, Writers Guild of America placed the # 100 scenario in the 101 Greatest Scenario list ever written. In 2012, the Motion Picture Editors Guild lists this film as the fourth best-edited movie of all time based on its membership survey.
Scientific response
Many medical experts have called Memento one of the most realistic and accurate portrayals of anterograde amnesia in the history of motion pictures. Caltech neuroscientist Christof Koch called Memento the most accurate depiction of different memory systems in popular media, while doctor Esther M. Sternberg, Immune Immune Program Director at the National Mental Health Institute, identified the film as " close to the perfect exploration of the neurobiology of memory. "
Sternberg concludes: "This thinking thriller is the kind of film that continues to echo in the minds of viewers, and every iteration makes one test prejudices that were formed earlier in a different light. Memento is a film for anyone interested in the workings of memory and, indeed, what makes our own reality. "
Neuropsikolog klinis Sallie Baxendale menulis di The BMJ :
The majority of film amnesic characters have little to do with the neurological or psychological reality of memory loss.... apparently inspired in part by neuropsychological studies of well-known HM patients (who developed severe antierograde memory impairment after neurosurgery to control epileptic seizures) and temporal lobe amnesia syndrome, the film documented the difficulties faced by Leonard, who developed anterograde amnesia after the attack on where his wife was killed. Unlike in most movies in this genre, this amnesic character retains its identity, has a bit of retrograde amnesia, and shows some severe daily memory difficulties associated with the disorder. The mosaic quality that is fragmented into the sequence of scenes in the film also reflects the 'eternal' nature of the syndrome.
Interpretation and analysis
Since its release, Memento has become a very popular topic of film discussion, both for the narrative structure and unique themes. Those seeking explanations of this movie plot have used online forums, message boards or scientific materials, or have ignored official film websites and forums to maintain their personal hypothesis. In an article to The Dissolve analyzing Nolan's work, Mike D'Angelo quotes Memento as an "expert study in deliberate self delusion," referring to Leonard's own actions towards the end of the film and his role as an unreliable narrator. On the same subject of self-deception, James Mooney filmandphilosophy.com notes that this film shows how "our memories deceive us, or rather, sometimes we delude ourselves by 'choosing' to forget or by manipulating our memories of past events. " This is in line with the psychological analysis of the film, in particular the act of confabulation. The use of the Leonard confrontation raises a dilemma, as described by SUNY Downstate Medical Center Professor John Kubie for BrainFacts.org: "In Memento we are faced with the question of how much of Leonard's memory of the real past, and how much built of confidence and hope. "
Author Chuck Klosterman has written in depth on Memento in his collection of Essays on Sex, Drugs and Cocoa Puff: The Low Culture Manifesto, especially in restaurant scenes with Leonard and Natalie.
In an interview with Chuck Stephens for Filmmaker in 2001, Nolan also stated:
The most interesting part of it to me is that the audience does not seem to want to believe the things that Teddy [Pantoliano] said in the end and why? I think it's because people have spent the entire film seeing Leonard's photo of Teddy, with the title: "Do not believe his lies." The picture really is in the heads of people, and they still prefer to believe the picture even after we have made it very clear that Leonard's visual memory is really questionable. It was quite surprising, and it was not planned. What is always planned is that we never move completely beyond Leonard's head, and that we keep the audience in an interpretive fashion to try to analyze what they want to believe or not. To me, the essence of the film is that the only person who might actually be an authority on the truth about what happened was played by Joe Pantoliano... who is incredibly untrustworthy, especially considering the baggage he carried from his other films: he's been seen by the audience as this character actor who is always unreliable. I find it very scary, really, the level of uncertainty and malice that Joe brings to the movies.
Best movie list appearance
Awards and awards
The film was nominated for the Academy Awards in the Original Screenplay and Film Editing, but did not win in either category. Because Jonathan Nolan's short story was not published before the film was released, he was nominated for Original Screenplay and not Adapted Screenplay and Christopher and Jonathan received nominations. It was also nominated for the Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival, but lost to The Believer . However, he won 13 awards for Best Screenplay and five awards for Best Film from various film and festival critic associations, including Chicago Film Critics Association and Sundance Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award. Christopher Nolan was nominated for three Best Director awards including the Directors of the Guild of America Award and was awarded an award from the Independent Spirit Awards. Pearce was awarded Best Actor from the San Diego Film Critics Society and Las Vegas Film Critics Society. The film was also nominated for the prestigious Grand Prix of the Syndicate of Cinema Critics Belgium.
- AFI Awards: AFI Story of the Year (Christopher Nolan).
- Academy of Sci-Fi Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films: Saturn Award for Best Action Movies or Adventures.
- BAFTA Interactive Entertainment Awards: Linear Media Improvement
- Boston Society of Film Critics: Best Screenplay (Christopher Nolan).
- Bram Stoker Award: Best Screenplay (Christopher Nolan and Jonathan Nolan).
- UK Independent Film Award: BIFA Award for Best Foreign Independent Film.
- The Association of Broadcasting Film Critics: The Best Script (Christopher Nolan).
- Casting Society of America: Best cast (John Papsidera).
- The Chicago Film Critics Association: The Best Script (Christopher Nolan).
- The Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association: The Russell Smith Award (Christopher Nolan).
- Deauville America Film Festival: CinÃÆ'Â © Live Award (Christopher Nolan). Criticism Award (Christopher Nolan). Special Jury Prize (Christopher Nolan).
- Edgar Allan Poe Awards: Best Motion Picture (Christopher Nolan).
- Florida Film Critics Circle: Best Scenario (Christopher Nolan).
- Gold Trailer Award: Drama, best originality.
- Independent Spirit Award: Best Supporting Actress (Carrie-Anne Moss), Best Director (Christopher Nolan). Best Screenplay (Christopher Nolan).
- Society of Las Vegas Film Critics: Best Movie. Best actor (Guy Pearce). The best script (Christopher Nolan).
- Circle of London Film Critics: British Director of the Year (Christopher Nolan).
- Los Angeles Film Critics Association: Best script (Christopher Nolan).
- MTV Movie Awards: Best New Movie Maker (Christopher Nolan).
- Society of Movie Critics Online: Best Movie. Best Director (Christopher Nolan). Best Adaptation Scenario (Christopher Nolan).
- San Diego Film Critics Society: Best Actor (Guy Pearce).
- Southeast Film Critics Association: Best Movie. The best adaptation scenario (Christopher Nolan).
- Sundance Film Festival: Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award (Christopher Nolan and Jonathan Nolan).
- Toronto Film Critics Association: Best Movie. Best Screenplay (Christopher Nolan).
- The Vancouver Film Critics Circle: Best Movie.
Legacy
Memento strongly inspired the Indian Tamil film Ghajini (2005), which was eventually recreated in Hindi as Ghajini and in Bengali/Bangla as Dhoka (2007).
Remake
AMBI Pictures announced in November 2015 that it plans to re-create Memento , one of the few film rights acquired by AMBI from the acquisition of Exclusive Media. Monika Bacardi, an executive for AMBI Pictures, stated that they plan to "remain faithful to Christopher Nolan's vision and deliver an impressive film that is every bit edgy, iconic and worthy of its original award".
See also
- Reverse Chronology
- Memento Mori (short story)
References
External links
- Memento on IMDb
- Memento in the TCM Movie Database
- Memento in AllMovie
- Memento in Box Office Mojo
- Memento in Metacritic
- Memento at Rotten Tomatoes
- Plot Holes: Memento , about how certain differences might plot holes or more importantly, on Slate
- Memento and anterograde amnesia
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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