Xmas is a common abbreviation of the word Christmas . Sometimes pronounced , but Xmas , and variants like Xtemass , are derived as handwriting abbreviations for typical pronunciation . "X" comes from the Greek letter Chi , which is the first letter of the Greek word ??????? , which in English is "Christ". The "-mas" part comes from the Old English word derived from Latin for Mass .
There is a common misconception that the word Xmas comes from a secular attempt to erase religious traditions from Christmas by taking "Christ" out of "Christmas", but its use dates back to the 16th century.
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"Xmas" is no longer used by some modern style guides, including those found in the New York Times , The Times , The Guardian , and the BBC. Millicent Fenwick, in 1948 Vogue Ethics Book , stated that "'Xmas' should not be used" in a greeting card. The Cambridge Guide to English Australian Use states that spelling should be considered unofficial and limited to the context in which decisions are respected, such as titles and greeting cards. Christian Writer Style Manual , while acknowledging the ancient and honored use of "Xmas" in the past, states that spelling should not be used in formal writing.
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History
Use in English
The early use of "Xmas" includes the lectures of Bernard Ward. Edmund, Old Hall (originally published around 1755). The previous version, "X'temmas", dates from 1551. Around 1100 the term was written as "Xp? Es mÃÆ'Â|sse" in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. "Xmas" was found in a letter from George Woodward in 1753. Lord Byron used this term in 1811, as did Samuel Coleridge (1801) and Lewis Carroll (1864). In the United States, the fifth edition of the English language William Perry Royal Standard English Dictionary , published in Boston in 1800, is included in the list of "General Explanations, or Word Contractions" entries: "Xmas Christmas." Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. using that term in a letter dated 1923. At least since the end of the 19th century, "Xmas" has been used in many other English-speaking countries. The quote with that word can be found in the first written text in Canada, and it has been used in Australia, and in the Caribbean. Merriam-Webster's English Dictionary states that the modern usage of this term is largely limited to ads, titles and banners, where the brevity is appreciated. Relations with commerce "do nothing for its reputation", according to the dictionary.
In Britain, former Church of Blackburn bishop, Alan Chesters, recommended to his clergy that they avoid spelling. In the United States, in 1977, New Hampshire Governor Meldrim Thomson sent a press release saying that he wanted journalists to save "Christ" in Christmas, and did not call him Xmas - which he called the "pagan" spelling of Christmas.
Use "X" for "Christ"
The abbreviation of Christmas as "Xmas" is a source of disagreement among Christians who observe the holidays.
The December 1957 News and Views published by Church League of America, a conservative organization founded in 1937 by George Washington Robnett, attacked the use of Xmas in an article titled "X = The Unknown Quantity". The claim was taken later by Gerald L. K. Smith, who in December 1966 claimed that Xmas was "an insult to humiliation on behalf of Christ" and that "'X' is referred to as a symbol of an unknown quantity." Smith further states that the Jews introduced Santa Claus to suppress the New Testament record of Jesus, and that the United Nations, on the command of "the Jews of the world," has "forbidden the name of Christ". But there is a well-documented history of usage ? (actually chi) as the abbreviation for "Christ" (???????) and possibly also the cross symbol. This abbreviation appears in many icons of Orthodox Christianity.
Dennis Bratcher, writing for a website for Christians, states "there are always those who strongly condemn the use of the acronym 'Xmas' as a kind of blasphemy against Christ and Christianity." Among them are evangelicals Franklin Graham and CNN reporter Roland S. Martin. Graham stated in an interview:
"For us as Christians, this is one of the most sacred of the holidays, the birth of our savior Jesus Christ, and for people to bring Christ out of Christmas, they are happy to say good-bye, let's take Jesus out. , I think, the war against the name of Jesus Christ. "
Roland Martin also links the use of "Xmas" with his growing concern about the promotion of commercialization and secularization of one of the highest holy days of Christianity. Bratcher argues that those who do not like to abbreviate the word are unfamiliar with the long history of Christians who use X in "Christ" for various purposes.
The word "Christ" and its compounds, including "Christmas", have been abbreviated in English for at least the last 1,000 years, long before modern "Xmas" are generally used. "Christ" is often written as "X?" or "Xt"; there are references in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as far as 1021. These X and P appear as capital letters of Greek letters? (Ch) and? (R) is used in ancient abbreviation for ??????? (Greek for "Christ"). Labarum, an amalgamation of two Greek letters translated as ", is a symbol often used to represent Christ in the Catholic, Protestant and Orthodox Christian Churches.
The Oxford English Dictionary and OED Supplement have mentioned the use of "X-" or "Xp-" for "Christ-" as early as 1485 The term "Xtian" and the less common "Xpian" have also been used for "Christianity". The OED further cites the use of "Xtianity" for "Christianity" from 1634. According to Merriam-Webster's Use of Merriam-Webster English Dictionary, most of the evidence for these words comes from " educated English people who know their Greek. "
In ancient Christian art ,? and ?? is an abbreviation for the name of Christ. In many manuscripts of the New Testament and the icons ,? is the abbreviation for ???????, Like XC (the first and last letter in Greek, using crescent moon sausages); compare the IC for Jesus in Greek.
Another use of" X (t) "for" Chris (t) - "
Other exact names containing the name "Christ" in addition to those mentioned above are sometimes abbreviated equally, either as "X" or "Xt", both have been used historically, for example, "Xtopher" or "Xopher" for " Christopher ", or" Xtina "or" Xina "for the name" Christina ".
In the 17th and 18th centuries, "Xene" and "Exene" are common spellings for Christine's name. American singer Christina Aguilera sometimes goes with the name "Xtina". Similarly, Exene Cervenka has been a American songwriter since 1977.
The use of "X" is to spell the "kris" (not the "ks") tribe has expanded to "xtal" for "crystal", and on the florist sign for "xant" for "chrysanthemum flower", though these words do not etymologically related to "Christ": "crystal" is derived from the Greek word meaning "ice" (and not even using the letters?), and "chrysanthemum" is derived from Greek words meaning "golden flower", while "Christ" from the Greek word meaning "anointed".
In popular culture
In the animated television series Futurama, set in the 31st century, Xmas is the official name for the day previously known as Christmas (which, in the episode "The Christmas Story", is Told has become "ancient recitation").
In the American version of the Monopoly board game, players can drag cards from the Community Chest that read: "Xmas Funds mature. Collect $ 100".
See also
- Kristogram
- Christmas Controversy
- The name and title of Jesus
Note
References
External links
- The Christ icon displays IC and XC abbreviations in the top corner
- "Why is there a dispute about Xmas?" (BBC, December 22, 2004)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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