Red Shirts Camicie rosse ) or Red coat ( Italian Giubbe Rosse ) is the name given to volunteers who follow Giuseppe Garibaldi in southern Italy during his expedition to the Thousand to southern Italy, but sometimes extended to other campaigns of his own. The name comes from the color of their shirt or loose blouse (full uniform is beyond the Italian patriot's finances).
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The red shirt was started by Giuseppe Garibaldi. During his years of exile, Garibaldi was involved in military action in Uruguay, where in 1843 he initially used red shirts from a stock reserved for slaughterhouse workers in Buenos Aires. Later, he spent time in a private retirement in New York City. Both places have been claimed as the birthplace of the Garibaldian red shirt.
The formation of his volunteer forces in Uruguay, the mastery of guerrilla warfare techniques, his opposition to the Brazilian Emperor and Argentina's territorial ambitions (perceived by liberals as imperialists), and his victory in the battle of Cerro and Sant 'Antonio in 1846 which guaranteed Uruguay's independence, made Garibaldi and the heroes became heroes in Italy and Europe. Garibaldi was later hailed as "Gran Chico Fornido" on the basis of this exploitation.
In Uruguay, calling on the Italians in Montevideo, Garibaldi formed the Italian Legion in 1843. In later years, it was claimed that in Uruguay the legion first wore a red shirt attributed to the "Thousand" Garibaldi, supposedly derived from a factory in Montevideo that is meant to export them to Argentine slaughterhouses. The red shirt exhibited by Argentine butchers in the 1840s was not documented otherwise, and the notorious Camicie rosse did not emerge during Garibaldi's attempts at Rome in 1849-50.
Then, after the campaign's failure for Rome, Garibaldi spent several years, around 1850-53, with Italian patriot and inventor Antonio Meucci in a modest gothic house (now designated as New York City Landmark), in Staten Island, New York City, before sailing to Italy in 1853. There is the Garibaldi-Meucci museum on Staten Island.
In New York, during the pre-Civil War era, rival firefighting firms were the great working class heroes of the city. Their courage, their spirit of citizenship, and their lively brotherhood show inspired fanatical followers throughout New York, the original "fire enthusiasts".
Volunteer volunteer companies vary in the completeness and detail of their uniforms, but they all wear red flannel shirts. When Garibaldi returned to Italy after living in New York, a red shirt first appeared among his followers.
Garibaldi remains a local hero among European immigrants in New York. The "Garibaldi Guard" (39th New York State Volunteers) fought in American Civil War, 1861-65. As part of their uniform, they wear red wool "Garibaldi Shirts" - at least, all enlisted men do it. The New York Tribune measures it:
The Guard officers were the ones who held important command in the revolutionary army of Hungary, Italy, and Germany. Many of them are in the Sardinian and French army in the Crimea and in Algeria.
Women's clothing, Garibaldi shirt, was started in 1860 by French Eugenie Queen, and blousy style remained popular for several years, eventually transforming into Victorian sashes and modern women's blouses.
Son Giuseppe Garibaldi, Ricciotti Garibaldi, then led a redshirt volunteer team that fought the Greek Army in the Greek-Turkish War of 1897 and the First Balkan War of 1912-13.
The Redshirts inspired Mussolini, to form Fascist blackshirts units and, from there, to Hitler's brown Sturmabteilung (SA) unit, as well as the semi-fascist Irish Blueshirts, under Eoin O'Duffy. However, while his nationalistic tone is vague, Garibaldi and his men are not widely regarded as protofasis. Nottingham Forest FC is now proudly wearing a red Garibaldi shirt since their birth in 1865.
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Source of the article : Wikipedia
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